Tissue-specific and reversible RNA interference in transgenic mice

Genetically engineered mice provide powerful tools for understanding mammalian gene function. These models traditionally rely on gene overexpression from transgenes or targeted, irreversible gene mutation. By adapting the tetracycline (tet)-responsive system previously used for gene overexpression, we have developed a simple transgenic system to reversibly control endogenous gene expression using RNA interference (RNAi) in mice. Transgenic mice harboring a tet-responsive RNA polymerase II promoter driving a microRNA-based short hairpin RNA targeting the tumor suppressor Trp53 reversibly express short hairpin RNA when crossed with existing mouse strains expressing general or tissue-specific 'tet-on' or 'tet-off' transactivators. Reversible Trp53 knockdown can be achieved in several tissues, and restoring Trp53 expression in lymphomas whose development is promoted by Trp53 knockdown leads to tumor regression. By leaving the target gene unaltered, this approach permits tissue-specific, reversible regulation of endogenous gene expression in vivo, with potential broad application in basic biology and drug target validation.     

Observation of conformation-specific pathways in the photodissociation of 1-iodopropane ions.

Many molecules can rotate freely around single bonds and thereby interconvert between different conformations, such as gauche and anti 1,2-disubstituted ethane, a classic example of conformational isomerism. Even though rotation occurs rapidly at room temperature, the product selectivity seen in some reactions has been explained by conformation-dependent reaction mechanisms: if reactant molecules differing only in their conformation are located at different positions on the reaction path, they may undergo different reactions. But a direct verification of this effect is difficult, because the energy barrier separating conformational isomers is so low that under ambient conditions reactants with more than one conformation will be present. But by using temperatures low enough to suppress the interconversion between different conformations, gauche-1-iodopropane ions and anti-1-iodopropane ions have been selectively generated. Here we show that the kinetic energy released during the photodissociation of 1-iodopropane ions depends strongly on the conformation of the ions. Thermodynamic arguments and ab initio calculations indicate that this difference in kinetic energy release results from differences in the reaction mechanism, with gauche-1-iodopropane ions forming 2-propyl ions and anti-1-iodopropane ions forming protonated cyclopropane ions. These findings suggest that the well-known concept of conformation selection forms the basis of a simple scheme for reaction control, thus providing in some cases an attractive alternative for more involved schemes that utilize the phase and pulse shape of laser beams to control chemical reactions.     

Bernstein算子和Grünwald算子的线性组合

以第一类n阶Chebyshev多项式的零点作为插值节点 ， 通过Bernstein算子和Grünwald算子的线性组合构造一个新算子G_n(f;x). 如果f(x)∈C^j_{［-1,1］(0≤j≤9), 则Gn(f;x)在区间 ［-1,1］上一致收敛于f(x)∈C^j［-1,1］(0≤j≤9), 并且其收敛 阶达到最佳, 饱和阶为1/n¹⁰.}     

基于RBF网络的增量学习

提出了一种基于径向网络的增量学习算法 ,在对新样本进行学习时 ,通过恢复受干扰样本的方式来尽可能保持已有的知识不变 .模拟实验证明了本算法的正确性和有效性 .     

无机盐和十二烷基磺酸钠对丙烯酰胺──烯丙基磺酸钠共聚物粘度的影响

测定了丙烯酰胺──烯丙基磺酸钠共聚物（ＰＡＳＡ）与无机盐和阴离子表面活性剂（ＡＳ）复配体系的粘度，结果表明，无机盐降低ＰＡＳＡ溶液的粘度，而在ＡＳ存在下却随ＡＳ浓度的升高溶液粘度升高．ＮａＣｌ和ＡＳ共存时，二者的共同作用，使溶液粘度呈下降趋势．     

泥岩地基及嵌岩灌注桩的承载特性试验

红土崖组(KwH)泥岩是一种分布于青岛地区的白垩系王氏群泥岩,是一种非典型的黏土岩,其透水性弱,具有一定的膨胀特性。为研究泥岩的物理力学性质、变形特性及嵌入泥岩中灌注桩的承载特性,以红土崖组(KwH)泥岩为试验对象,在青岛某地区开展了泥岩常规物理力学试验、泥岩地基及泥岩地基中嵌岩灌注桩的静载荷试验。试验结果表明,红土崖组(KwH)泥岩含砂,吸水膨胀率较小,是一种非膨胀性岩;全风化及强风化泥岩地基的P-s曲线基本呈缓变型;而中风化泥岩地基在破坏时发生了压裂及隆起,P-s曲线呈陡降型,而且变异性较大。该场地泥岩地基中灌注桩分别加载至10800 kN、12960 kN,试桩均未发生破坏,嵌岩灌注桩的桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力均未充分发挥;中风化泥岩的承载力较高,可作为桩基理想的持力层;泥岩具有初始损伤特性,且随着应力水平的提高其损伤逐渐加剧。研究成果对青岛地区泥岩地基中的工程建设具有参考价值。     

粗糙集方法在基于属性分类中的应用

介绍粗糙集基础上的属性分类系统的构造,给出一种数据挖掘中新的分类方法:从初始的数据信息出发,依次构造约简属性集,并对其使用Bayes判别法进行基于属性的分类。最后给出了实例,验证算法的可行性。     

基于广义RoI的遥感图像压缩

针对已有的基于RoI的图像压缩方法的不足，提出在初步分割出目标后，进一步在目标的语义方面进行改善，不仅保留对视觉有重要作用的边缘信息，而且基于图像的内容以及目标的语义，保留与目标相关的区域信息．并把这部分区域与已分割出的目标构成广义ROI，最后，对广义的ROI和背景分别用不同的压缩方法进行压缩．对广义ROI采用无损压缩以保留区域信息，对其余部分采用有损压缩以保留边缘信息．实验证明本文方法允许目标近无损分割，并能在不降低压缩比的前提下增强对重建目标的理解．     

光周期条件对罗氏沼虾幼体存活率及体长生长率的影响

用４Ｌ：２０Ｄ、８Ｌ；１６Ｄ；１２Ｌ；１２Ｄ和２４Ｌ：０Ｄ四种光周期条件培养罗氏沼虾骚状幼体，观察其存活率和生长、发育情况。研究结果表明，随着光照时间的延长，特别是在连续照明的条件下，与最短的光照条件相比，幼体的存活率及体长生长率分别提高１５７．７％和２．２％ｄ，而育成Ｐ１的时间却相应缩短了１０ｄ。     

螺旋输送机螺旋体挠度有限元分析

首次使用ＳＡＰ５软件对螺旋体整体结构进行了有限元分析，并分别使用ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ和ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编制了可供实用的前后处理程序．笔者认为：采用有限元法对螺旋体挽度分析计算结果较过去的使用值为小，从而在同样工况下，可减小螺旋轴直径，使结构紧凑轻便，成本降低．实验证实了其结果的正确性．