Research progress and hot spots of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production based on bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass used HTL reaction under high temperature and pressure to produce bio-oil. This technology is considered as...     

Mitigating Impact of Devils Lake Flooding on the Sheyenne River Sulfate Concentration

Devils Lake is a terminal lake located in northeast North Dakota. Because of its glacial origin and accumulated salts from evaporation, the lake has a high concentration of sulfate compared to the surrounding water bodies. From 1993 to 2011, Devils Lake water levels rose by ~10 m, which flooded surrounding communities and increased the chance of an overspill to the Sheyenne River. To control the flooding, the State of North Dakota constructed two outlets to pump the lake water to the river. However, the pumped water has raised concerns about of water quality degradation and potential flooding risk of the Sheyenne River. To investigate these perceived impacts, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed for the Sheyenne River and it was linked to a coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2 model that was developed for Devils Lake in a previous study. While the current outlet schedule has attempted to maintain the total river discharge within the confines of a two‐year flood (36 m³/s), our simulation from 2012 to 2018 revealed that the diversion increased the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration from an average of 125 to >750 mg/L. Furthermore, a conceptual optimization model was developed with a goal of better preserving the water quality of the Sheyenne River while effectively mitigating the flooding of Devils Lake. The optimal solution provides a “win–win” outlet management that maintains the efficiency of the outlets while reducing the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration to ≤600 mg/L.     

湘江干流水环境质量演变特征及其关键因素定量识别

为科学有效地保护湘江流域水环境，定量识别湘江干流主要水质指标的驱动因素，该研究基于1990~2016年水质监测数据及沿岸永州 长沙五市社会经济发展指标，采用Mann-Kendall检验法分析湘江干流水环境演变趋势，通过逐步回归分析确定各地区各水质指标主要驱动因素。结果表明：湘江干流COD_Mn、Cd、As整体呈下降趋势，上游BOD₅呈下降趋势，上中游NH₃-N呈上升趋势，中游衡阳、株洲市重金属Cr⁶⁺呈上升趋势，衡阳市TP呈上升趋势，中下游BOD₅呈上升趋势；定量追溯各水质指标影响因素得出工业污染是湘江干流重金属As、Cr⁶⁺、Cd主要驱动因素，永衡株潭地区NH₃-N，衡阳市BOD₅、COD_Mn、TP及衡株潭地区BOD₅均以农业污染影响为主；发现产业结构调整对干流水环境有显著影响，建议在流域产业结构调整过程中加强转型升级。     

16S rDNA克隆文库解析AO-MBR系统中细菌种群多样性

采用分子生物学手段16S rDNA克隆文库方法对缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器(AO-MBR)的好氧池与缺氧池中细菌进行了多样性研究.实验结果表明,好氧池污泥样品的克隆文库包括9个类群,其中变形菌(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)在文库中所占比例最大,分别为37.04％和14.81％;其次是酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)、未培养菌(uncultured bacterium)、绿菌(Chlorobi)和未培养的绿弯菌(uncultured Chloroflexi bacterium)、浮霉状菌(Planctomycetes),分别为11.11％、11.11％、7.41％、7.41％和5.56％;硝化螺旋菌(Nitrospirae)和裸藻门(Euglenozoa)所占比例相对较小,均为1.85％.缺氧池样品克隆文库包括10个类群,其中变形菌(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)和未培养菌(uncultured bacterium)在文库中所占比例最大,分别为27.91％、13.95％和12.79％;其次是浮霉状菌(Planctomycetes)、酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)和绿弯菌(Chloroflexi),在文库中所占比例分别为9.3％、9.3％和9.3％;硝化螺旋菌(Nitrospirae)、裸藻门(Euglenozoa)、芽单胞菌(Gemmatimonadetes)和放线菌(Actinobacteria)所占比例相对较少,分别为6.98％、8.14％、1.16％和1.16％.两池细菌的主要类群相似,但菌属及比例有所差异,变形菌是系统中的主要脱氮菌属.     

空调控温过程的系统动力学模拟分析

以房间、人员、设备和空调设备组成的空调控温系统为单元,以室温为目标,研究影响室温的各因素之间的关系,找出哪种因素是主要因素.运用Vensim软件建立空调控温系统的因果图和流图,并建立速率方程,进而进行模拟.根据模拟结果,对室温和温差进行分析,并探讨了空调调节系数、房子散热系数变动时对室温和波动时间的影响情况.验证了空调控温过程中室温的震荡过程和空调机发生作用的反应延迟时间.     

金属加工过程中应力状态的分析方法

分析简单地拉伸、压缩和扭转的情况时,应力状态能容易地被确定.但是,实际上在金属加工过程中材料是承受复杂的应力状态,在模具——工件接触面上增加有摩擦力.而且,这些应力和摩擦力一般地沿着接触面变化.准确的计算或预测载荷、力、应力和温度,不但对设计适宜的设备是重要的,而且对研究工艺期间材料的变化过程也是重要的.本文将讨论材料变形过程中所运用的主要分析方法及其优缺点.     

脆弱生态环境耦合下的贫困地区可持续发展研究

研究表明，中国贫困地区的分布与脆弱生态环境的分布存在一种地理空间意义上的耦合，这种耦合是一种非良性的耦合，存在着诸多问题并我着当地的社会经济发展，要改变这一现状，实现区域社会经济可持续发展，必须革新现有的贫困人口生存方式和社会经济发展模式，据此，本文提出了实现贫困地区社会经济可持续发展的战略措施应是依托现有的资源优势，推广生态农业技术，发展绿色食品和开展生态旅游。     

Thermal conversion of rice husks and sawdust to liquid fuel

The paper focuses on studying the conversion of rice husks and sawdust into liquid fuel. Rice husks, sawdust and their mixture are pyrolyzed at temperatures between 420 and 540 degrees C, and the main product of liquid fuel is obtained. The experimental result shows that the yield of liquid fuel depends on various factors such as feedstock and temperature. The maximum yields for rice husks, sawdust and their mixture are 56%, 61% and 60% at 465, 490 and 475 degrees C, respectively. Analyses with GC-MS and other apparatus show that the liquid fuel is a complicated compound with low caloric value and can be directly used as a fuel oil for combustion in a boiler or a furnace without any upgrading. Alternatively, the fuel can be refined to be used by vehicles.     

蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水现场试验研究

对蚯蚓生态滤池处理太湖流域农村生活污水进行现场试验研究.通过对蚯蚓同化容量与污染负荷进行单因素分析,得出蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水的运行参数与运行方式,并据此进行连续运行试验.结果表明,在表面水力负荷1 m3/(m2*d)、湿干比(布水时间和落干时间之比)1∶3、蚯蚓负荷(以单位体积填料中蚯蚓的质量计)12.5 g/L的条件下,蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水具有可行性与高效性,单级系统的COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别在81%、66%、82%和89%左右.改进蚯蚓床填料、设计通风结构和采取适宜运行方式,是蚯蚓生态滤池成功应用于农村生活污水处理的三大重要因素.     

氯苯嘧啶醇在水体中的光解机制研究

以太阳光为实验光源研究了氯苯嘧啶醇在水溶液中的光解,考察了pH、水体类型、溶解氧及卤素离子等对其光解的影响.结果表明,氯苯嘧啶醇在水溶液中的光解符合一级动力学方程,在不同水体中氯苯嘧啶醇光解的速率大小顺序为:重蒸水>水库水>湖水>池塘水;氯苯嘧啶醇光解的半衰期随着溶液pH的增大而延长,当pH为5、7、9、11时光解半衰期分别为5.00、6.86、7.45、7.53 h;3种卤素离子对氯苯嘧啶醇光解有很大的影响,均表现出强的猝灭作用,3种离子的猝灭能力的大小顺序为Ⅰ->Br->Cl-;溶解氧和三重态光猝灭剂山梨酸均对氯苯嘧啶醇在水中的光解没有影响,而三重态光敏剂丙酮则对其光解有较强的猝灭作用,表明氯苯嘧啶醇在水中的光解主要以直接光解为主,光解过程不经历三重态.