A comprehensive review on green buildings research: bibliometric analysis during 1998–2018

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Buildings account for nearly 2/5ths of global energy expenditure. Due to this figure, the 90s witnessed the rise of green buildings (GBs) that were...     

Diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and encoding ribosomal protection proteins gene in livestock waste polluted environment

The rapid development and increase of antibiotic resistance are global phenomena resulting from the extensive use of antibiotics in human clinics and animal feeding operations. Antibiotics can promote the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can be transferred horizontally to humans and animals through water and the food chain. In this study, the presence and abundance of ARGs in livestock waste was monitored by quantitative PCR. A diverse set of bacteria and tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) from three livestock farms and a river were analyzed through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The abundance of sul(I) was 10³ to 10⁵ orders of magnitude higher than that of sul(II). Among 11 tet-ARGs, the most abundant was tet(O). The results regarding bacterial diversity indicated that the presence of antibiotics might have an evident impact on bacterial diversity at every site, particularly at the investigated swine producer. The effect of livestock waste on the bacterial diversity of soil was stronger than that of water. Furthermore, a sequencing analysis showed that tet(M) exhibited two genotypes, while the other RPPs-encoding genes exhibited at least three genotypes. This study showed that various ARGs and RPPs-encoding genes are particularly widespread among livestock.     

A review of measurement methods for peracetic acid (PAA)

• Physical and chemical properties and application of peracetic acid solution. • Determination method of high concentration peracetic acid. • Determination method of residual peracetic acid (low concentration). Peroxyacetic acid has been widely used in food, medical, and synthetic chemical fields for the past several decades. Recently, peroxyacetic acid has gradually become an effective alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection and has strong redox capacity for removing micro-pollutants from drinking water. However, commercial peroxyacetic acid solutions are primarily multi-component mixtures of peroxyacetic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. During the process of water treatment, peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) often coexist, which limits further investigation on the properties of peroxyacetic acid. Therefore, analytical methods need to achieve a certain level of selectivity, particularly when peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide coexist. This review summarizes the measurement and detection methods of peroxyacetic acid, comparing the principle, adaptability, and relative merits of these methods.     

含锌废物综合利用项目环境影响评价工程探索

工业生产的废物当中包含多种重金属,例如钢铁厂的粉尘当中就含有锌。含锌粉尘不仅会在高炉内循环和富集,影响高炉的运行,还会造成环境污染。基于此,本文主要分析含锌废物综合利用,对该项目进行环境评价,探讨有效的对策,以提高含锌废物综合利用的科学性,提高环境保护等级。     

基于PSFR模型的河北省滦河流域生态安全评估

基于PSFR(压力-状态-功能-风险)模型,选取16个分项指标、34个评估指标,建立了4层次指标体系,兼顾流域的整体性与差异性,根据环境特点及功能分区将河北省滦河流域划分为6个评估单元展开生态安全评估。结果表明:整个流域的生态安全水平位于三级到二级之间;潘大水库上游评估单元刚刚达到二级较安全水平;引滦入津、大黑汀下游和青龙河秦皇岛评估单元属于临近二级的三级水平;冀东沿海的秦皇岛和唐山评估单元生态安全指数较低,但均大于50,属于三级一般水平。研究表明,水资源过度开发是各评估单元共有的不安全因素,面源污染严重和生态风险较高也是造成流域生态安全指数不高的重要原因。     

近53 a来长江流域极端降水指数特征

利用1963~2015年长江流域115个气象站点逐日降水数据，分析了不同极端降水指标的空间变化特点和时间变化趋势。结果表明，近53 a来，长江流域多年平均年极端降水量与年降水量从下游到上游逐渐递减，两者变化趋势大致呈现“增-减-增”的空间分布格局。年极端降水量对年降水量贡献（PEP）存在明显的空间分布差异，但贡献比例在流域内普遍呈现增加的趋势。持续1 d的极端降水事件的降水量分布及其变化趋势与年极端降水量的分布特征类似，其对年极端降水量的贡献比例高达65%以上，说明长江流域极端降水以持续1 d的极端降水事件为主。持续2 d及以上的极端降水事件主要集在中皖苏赣局部地区和四川中部地区，但其降水量对年极端降水量的贡献比例较小。从上游到下游，年最大日降水量（MDP）逐渐增大。其中，上游源头地区的沱沱河、曲麻莱和玉树3个站点MDP主要集中在0~25 mm之间，其他站点均以25~50 mm量级为主；长江流域中部地区的MDP大部分以50~100 mm的量级为主，处于100~150 mm之间的次之；长江流域东部地区主要以100~150 mm量级的MDP为主。 关键词： 极端降水；降水贡献；不同历时；长江流域     

预氧化聚丙烯腈/g-C3N4光催化降解罗丹明B

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和g-C_3N_4为原料,采用超声波辅助分散的溶液浸渍法及煅烧法制备了具有共轭结构的预氧化聚丙烯腈/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂(CPAN/g-C_3N_4),采用XRD、SEM、FTIR、UV-Vis DRS、EIS等技术对光催化剂进行了表征,考察了CPAN/g-C_3N_4对罗丹明B(Rh B)的可见光催化降解性能。结果表明:CPAN与g-C_3N_4具有良好的协同作用,使g-C_3N_4片状结构堆叠体颗粒显著减小,明显增强了光催化剂在全部光谱范围内的光吸收,有效提高了光生电子-空穴分离效率;在PAN与g-C_3N_4质量比为1∶200、煅烧温度250 ℃、煅烧时间1 h条件下所制备的CPAN/g-C_3N_4光催化活性最高,且具有良好的光催化活性稳定性。超氧自由基和光生空穴为CPAN/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂光降解罗丹明B的主要活性物种。     

Effects of law enforcement and community outreach on mammal diversity in a biodiversity hotspot

Management activities such as law enforcement and community outreach are thought to affect conservation outcomes in protected areas, but their importance relative to intrinsic environmental characteristics of the parks and extrinsic human pressures surrounding the parks have not been explored. Furthermore, it is not clear which is more related to conservation outcomes—the management itself or local people's perceptions of the management. We measured objective (reports by park staff) and subjective (reports by local people) levels of community outreach and law enforcement based on responses to 374 questionnaires. We estimated mammal abundance and diversity of 6 protected areas based on data from 115 camera traps in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, a biodiversity hotspot with high hunting and land-conversion pressures. We then examined correlations among them and found that local people's perception of law enforcement was positively related to the local abundance of 2 large, hunted species, wild boar (Sus scrofa) (β = 15.22) and muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) (β = 14.82), but not related to the abundance of smaller mammals or to objective levels of enforcement. The subjective frequency of outreach by park staff to local communities (β = 3.42) and park size (β = 3.28) were significantly and positively related to mammal species richness, whereas elevation, human population density, and subjective frequency of law enforcement were not. We could not conclude that community outreach and law enforcement were directly causing increased mammal abundance and diversity. Nevertheless, the patterns we detected are some of the first empirical evidence consistent with the idea that biodiversity in protected areas may be more positively and strongly related to local perceptions of the intensity of park management than to either intrinsic (e.g., elevation, park size) or extrinsic (e.g., human population density) environmental factors.     

河流水质自动监测站选址适宜性评价

为建立和量化适于河流水质自动监测站选址的评价方法体系,提出了河流水质自动监测站选址一致性、可行性和适宜性评价问题,并建立了选址可行性和适宜性评价2套指标体系。以自动站选址与手工断面位置不一致为前提,利用累乘指数判断选址可行性,在可行的基础上利用模糊综合评价进一步分析选址的适宜性。应用案例显示,罗汉大桥断面水质自动站选址于手工断面下游150 m处是可行的,并且此选址高度适宜,在具有水质代表性的同时兼顾成本和运维管理需求。     

2000～2015年山地城市土地利用景观格局动态演变研究——以重庆市渝北区为例

以重庆市渝北区为例，借助地理信息系统和遥感手段，利用Landsat TM 遥感数据和DEM数据，采用景观指数分析、地形位指数和分布指数等计算方法，对渝北区 2000、2005、2010 和 2015 年土地利用景观格局变化特征进行了分析，着重探讨了不同地形、坡度下各种景观类型变化情况，以及它们之间的相互关系，以期为在相似条件下的城市最佳土地利用模式选择提供一定的借鉴和参考。结果表明：（1）渝北区土地资源以中、高级地形位为主，海拔 200 m 以下，坡度6°以下的土地资源比较匮乏；（2）渝北区主要的景观类型是耕地和林地，但耕地景观总的趋势是不断减少，林地不断增加，建设用地增长较快，总体上景观破碎化程度在增加，景观多样性呈上升趋势；（3）研究期内，中低级地形位区间内大量耕地转变为建设用地，林地、草地景观面积的分布趋势随着地形位指数成正相关关系，其优势地形位主要集中于高级别地形位区间。