全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5206篇 |
免费 | 426篇 |
国内免费 | 265篇 |
学科分类
生物科学 | 5897篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 64篇 |
2022年 | 57篇 |
2021年 | 218篇 |
2020年 | 191篇 |
2019年 | 228篇 |
2018年 | 208篇 |
2017年 | 181篇 |
2016年 | 285篇 |
2015年 | 320篇 |
2014年 | 363篇 |
2013年 | 421篇 |
2012年 | 483篇 |
2011年 | 437篇 |
2010年 | 256篇 |
2009年 | 204篇 |
2008年 | 286篇 |
2007年 | 225篇 |
2006年 | 196篇 |
2005年 | 174篇 |
2004年 | 184篇 |
2003年 | 132篇 |
2002年 | 143篇 |
2001年 | 83篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 73篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 56篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有5897条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Duoru Lin Jingjing Chen Zhuoling Lin Xiaoyan Li Xiaohang Wu Erping Long Lixia Luo Bo Zhang Hui Chen Wan Chen Li Zhang Haotian Lin Weirong Chen Yizhi Liu 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
A review of 6 years of hospitalization charts from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC) revealed that congenital cataracts (CC) accounted for 2.39% of all cataract in-patient cases and that the age at surgery was decreasing before the establishment of the Childhood Cataract Program of the Chinese Ministry of Health (CCPMOH) in December 2010. We aimed to investigate data from the 4 years (January 2011 to December 2014) following the establishment of the CCPMOH, compared, and combined with data from the previous study period (January 2005 to December 2010) to generate a 10-year overview of the hospital-based prevalence and treatment of CC. In the 4-year period after CCPMOH establishment, the prevalence of CC was 2.01% in all hospitalizations, and was 2.78% in all cataract in-patients. Most of the eligible CC in-patients (71%) lived in south China. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.42:1. Nearly 2/3 of the patients underwent cataract extraction with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at a mean age of 78.40±51.45 months, and cataract extraction surgeries without IOL implantation were performed in the remaining 1/3 of patients at a mean age of 10.03±15.92 months. After CCPMOH establishment, an increased incidence of CC was revealed, and the CC in-patients were younger than the patients in the previous period. The 10-year overview (2421 CC in-patients from 206630 hospitalizations) revealed upward trends in both the number and the prevalence of CC and a further reduction in age at surgery. In conclusion, the data from 4-year period after CCPMOH establishment and the 10-year overview showed upward trends in the hospital-based prevalence of CC cases and a further reduction in age at surgery, likely reflecting the effects of the CCPMOH establishment and providing useful information for further CC studies and a valuable foundation for the prevention and treatment of this cause of childhood blindness. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Kai Ren Buying Li Zhenhua Liu Lin Xia Mengen Zhai Xufeng Wei Weixun Duan Shiqiang Yu 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2021,25(10):4623-4636
Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is an aortic disease associated with dysregulated extracellular matrix composition and de-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily associated with cardiovascular diseases. The present study attempted to investigate the expression of GDF11 in TAD and its effects on aortic SMC phenotype transition. GDF11 level was found lower in the ascending thoracic aortas of TAD patients than healthy aortas. The mouse model of TAD was established by β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN) combined with angiotensin II (Ang II). The expression of GDF11 was also decreased in thoracic aortic tissues accompanied with increased inflammation, arteriectasis and elastin degradation in TAD mice. Administration of GDF11 mitigated these aortic lesions and improved the survival rate of mice. Exogenous GDF11 and adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2)-mediated GDF11 overexpression increased the expression of contractile proteins including ACTA2, SM22α and myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) and decreased synthetic markers including osteopontin and fibronectin 1 (FN1), indicating that GDF11 might inhibit SMC phenotype transition and maintain its contractile state. Moreover, GDF11 inhibited the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, 3, 9 in aortic SMCs. The canonical TGF-β (Smad2/3) signalling was enhanced by GDF11, while its inhibition suppressed the inhibitory effects of GDF11 on SMC de-differentiation and MMP production in vitro. Therefore, we demonstrate that GDF11 may contribute to TAD alleviation via inhibiting inflammation and MMP activity, and promoting the transition of aortic SMCs towards a contractile phenotype, which provides a therapeutic target for TAD. 相似文献
5.
Food availability is important to the dynamics of animal social organizations or populations. However, the role of winter
food availability in animal population dynamics is still controversial. We carried out an experimental study to test Lack’s
hypothesis that reduced food in winter limits survival and spring numbers of breeding individuals of social groups, using
the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) as model species. We established 24 gerbil social groups in 24, 10 × 10 m, pens in September 2008. We provided wheat seeds
as supplemental food in 12 enclosures from September 2008 to March 2009; the other 12 enclosures, not provided with supplemental
food, served as controls. We live-trapped gerbils at a 2-week interval from September to April. Supplemental food during winter
increased biweekly survival by 10% relative to that in control groups. Only four control social groups survived to the end
of our study whereas all 12 food-supplemented social groups survived through our study period. Supplemental food also increased
cumulative numbers of recruits and group sizes of gerbils. We conclude that winter food availability limits winter survival
and spring social groups or population sizes of Mongolian gerbils. 相似文献
6.
The psychrophile Clostridium sp. strain 69 contains a thermolabile triose phosphate isomerase which is inactivated rapidly in vitro and in vivo at 32 C. 相似文献
7.
8.
Yuxi Tian Liangfang Shen Fujun Li Junwen Yang Xiaoping Wan Miao Ouyang 《Journal of cellular physiology》2020,235(1):442-453
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly known as one of the most prominent reasons for cancer-related death in China. Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) and the mammalian target activity of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were found correlated with CRC, but their specific interaction in CRC was still to be investigated. Therefore, we explored whether RHEB gene silencing affected the cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by directly targeting the mTOR signaling pathway in cells previously harvested from CRC patients. A microarray analysis was subsequently conducted to investigate the relationship between RHEB and mTOR. Eighty-three adjacent normal tissues and CRC tissues were selected. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the positive expression rates of RHEB and Ki-67 in the CRC tissues. Cells were then transfected with different siRNAs to investigate the potential effects RHEB would have on CRC progression. The expressions of RHEB, 4EBP1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), and bcl-2-associated X protein (bax) were determined and then the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptotic rate were also measured. We identified RHEB and mTOR as upregulated genes in CRC. Cells treated with RHEB silencing showed a decreased extent of mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1 phosphorylation and expression of RHEB, Ki-67, mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1, bcl-2, and PCNA as well as decreased activity of cell proliferation and differentiation; although, the expression of bax was evidently higher. Collectively, our data propose the idea that RHEB gene silencing might repress cell proliferation and differentiation while accelerating apoptosis via inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway. 相似文献
9.
Does hydraulic lift exist in shallow-rooted species? A quantitative examination with a half-shrub Gutierrezia sarothrae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hydraulic lift occurs in some deep-rooted shrub and herbaceous species. In this process, water taken up by deep roots from
the moist subsoil is delivered to the drier topsoil where it is later reabsorbed by shallow roots. However, little is known
about the existence of hydraulic lift in shallow-rooted xeric species. The objectives of this study were 1) to ascertain whether
hydraulic lift exists in Gutierrezia sarothrae (broom snakeweed), a widespread North American desert species with a shallow root system, grown in pot and field conditions
and 2) if it does, how much water can be transferred from the subsoil to the 30 cm topsoil during the night. Snakeweed seedlings
were transplanted in buried pots allowing the deeper roots to grow into the subsoil 30 cm below the surface. Soil water content
inside and outside of the pot was measured seasonally and diurnally with time domain reflectometry technique (TDR). An increase
in water content was detected in the pot after the plant was covered for 3 h by an opaque plastic bag during the day, suggesting
hydraulic lift from deeper depths and exudation of water into the drier topsoil. Root exudation was also observed on native
range sites dominated by snakeweed. Water efflux in the pot was 271 g per plant per night. which was equivalent to 15.3% of
the extrapolated, porometer-derived whole-plant daily transpiration. Hydraulic lift observed in Gutierrezia improved water uptake during the day when evaporative demand is high and less water is available in the topsoil. We concluded
that hydraulic lift might help snakeweed to alleviate the effect of water stress. 相似文献