印度尼西亚北苏拉威西蓝碧海峡浮游动物种类组成及分布

Based on oceanographic survey data in June 2012 in the Lembeh Strait, the zooplankton ecological characteristics such as species composition, individual abundance, dominant species and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that 183 species(including 4 sp.) had been recognized, most of them belonged to copepoda.Cnidaria followed with 43 species(including 1 sp.) were identified. The average abundance of zooplankton was(150.47±58.91) ind./m~3. As to the horizontal distribution, the abundance of the zooplankton was higher in the southern waters than in the northern waters. The dominant species in the study area were Lensia subtiloides,Sagitta enflata, Lucifer intermedius, Oikopleura rufescens, Diphyes chamissoni, Creseis acicula, Subeucalanus subcrassus, Temora discaudata, Aglaura hemistoma, Doliolum denticulatum, Canthocalanus pauper, Oikopleura longicauda and Nanomia bijuga. Zooplankton biodiversity indexes were higher in study area than previous study in the other regions. The findings from this study provide important baseline information for future research and monitoring programs.     

海草床鱼类群落结构的时空变化及其在热带海草床中的育幼

本文以印尼北苏拉威西东部的潟湖为对象，研究了热带海草床鱼类群落的种类组成和时空变化。研究发现当地鱼类的香农-威纳指数在1.57-3.69之间多样性相对较高。在科水平，天竺鲷科的丰度（8.27 ind./（100 m²））和生物量（28.49 g/（100 m²））最高。在物种水平，侧带天竺鲷（Apogon lateralis）的丰度最高，环纹圆天竺鲷（Sphaeramia orbicularis）的生物量最大。对于物种的空间变化，潟湖湖顶、湖中和湖口首先聚类在一起，这可能是由于基质类型引起的。干季和湿季的鱼类种类、丰度和生物量均比转换季高，这可能是由较强的季风造成的，强季风为鱼类提供了更适宜的环境和食物。93.1%的鱼类的最大体长小于它们的性成熟体长，暗示了海草床是很多鱼类的育幼场。因此，保护海草床对渔业和资源的可持续利用至关重要。     

2017年春夏季西北太平洋浮游植物的区域差异及其与不同水团的关系

The West Pacific Ocean is considered as the provenance center of global marine life and has the highest species diversity of numerous marine taxa. The phytoplankton, as the primary producer at the base of the food chain,effects on climate change, fish resources as well as the entire ecosystem. However, there are few large-scale surveys covering several currents with different hydrographic characteristics. This study aimed to explore the relationships between the spatio-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and different water masses. A total of 630 water samples and 90 net samples of phytoplankton were collected at 45 stations in the Northwest Pacific Ocean(21.0°–42.0°N, 118.0°–156.0°E) during spring and summer 2017. A total of 281 phytoplankton taxa(5 μm) belonging to 61 genera were identified in the study area. The distribution pattern of the phytoplankton community differed significantly both spatially and temporally. The average abundances of phytoplankton in spring and summer were 797.07×10~2 cells/L and 84.94×10~2 cells/L, respectively. Whether in spring or summer, the maximum abundance always appeared in the northern transition region affected by the Oyashio Current, where nutrients were abundant and diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community;whereas the phytoplankton abundance was very low in the oligotrophic Kuroshio region, and the proportion of dinoflagellates in total abundance increased significantly. The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton abundance increased from low to high latitudes, which was consistent with the trend of nutrient distributions, but contrary to that of water temperature and salinity. In the northern area affected by the Oyashio Current, the phytoplankton abundance was mainly concentrated in the upper 30 m of water column, while the maximum abundance often occurred at depths of 50–75 m in the south-central area affected by the Kuroshio Current.Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that phytoplankton abundance was significant negatively correlated with temperature and salinity, but positively correlated with nutrient concentration. The phytoplankton community structure was mainly determined by nutrient availability, especially the N:P ratio.     

基于宽范围岩石物性约束的大地电磁和地震联合反演

岩石物性约束是地球物理联合反演重要的实现方式.在以往联合反演研究中,这种约束通常以点对点的映射方式出现,要求经验性的岩石物性关联是相对精确的,无形中提高了岩石物性约束应用于联合反演的条件.基于此,本文结合全局寻优的模拟退火算法,提出了宽范围岩石物性约束技术.该技术将岩石物性约束与模拟退火模型扰动、模型接受准则相结合,实现了空间对空间的映射,将电阻率和速度耦合在一起.文章以MT和地震正则化同步联合反演为例,检验了不同的先验信息条件下的宽范围岩石物性约束技术的适用性.模型试验表明:新技术容易实现,容错性高,可降低"不精确"岩石物性关联信息引入带来的风险,提高岩石物性约束应用的灵活性.     

塔里木河流域2001年四源一干河川径流运行分析

20 0 1年塔里木河流域四条源流出山口天然径流量计 2 6 6 .5× 10 8m3 ,比多年平均值多 40 .70×10 8m3 ,增加 18%.源流区在进入塔里木河干流前总耗水量为 2 2 0 .0× 10 8m3 ,与多年平均值比较多 43.4× 10 8m3 ,增加 2 4.6 %,而入塔里木河水量为 46 .48× 10 8m3 ,比多年平均 48.12× 10 8m3 减少1.6 4× 10 8m3 .塔里木河干流龙头站———阿拉尔站 2 0 0 1年年径流量为 45 .72× 10 8m3 ,接近多年均值 46 .0 0× 10 8m3 ,属平水年 .干流上游区间耗水量 2 4.77× 10 8m3 ,占阿拉尔站年径流量的 5 4.2 %;中游区间耗水量 18.94× 10 8m3 ,占阿拉尔站年径流量的 41.4%;下游区间耗水 2 .0 2 5× 10 8m3 (纯塔里木河水 ) ,仅占阿拉尔站年径流量的 4.4%.2 0 0 1年从开都河 孔雀河的博斯腾湖和塔里木河向下游绿色走廊的应急输水于 11月 16日水流到台特玛湖 ,从而结束了塔里木河下游近 30a干涸的历史 ,使下游绿色走廊恶化环境开始恢复 .     

2010年西北冰洋浮游植物区域差异与环境关系

Global warming has caused Arctic sea ice to rapidly retreat,which is affecting phytoplankton,the primary producers at the base of the food chain,as well as the entire ecosystem.However,few studies with large spatial scales related to the Arctic Basin at high latitude have been conducted.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in phytoplankton community structure and ice conditions.Fifty surface and 41 vertically stratified water samples from the western Arctic Ocean(67.0°–88°26′N,152°–178°54′W) were collected by the Chinese icebreaker R/V Xuelong from July 20 to August 30,2010 during China's fourth Arctic expedition.Using these samples,the species composition,spatial distribution,and regional disparities of phytoplankton during different stages of ice melt were assessed.A total of 157 phytoplankton taxa(5 μm) belonging to 69 genera were identified in the study area.The most abundant species were Navicula pelagica and Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii,accounting for 31.23% and 14.12% of the total phytoplankton abundance,respectively.The average abundance during the departure trip and the return trip were 797.07×10~2 cells/L and 84.94×10~2 cells/L,respectively.The highest abundance was observed at Sta.R09 in the north of Herald Shoal,where Navicula pelagica was the dominant species accounting for 59.42% of the abundance.The vertical distribution of phytoplankton abundance displayed regional differences,and the maximum abundances were confined to the lower layers of the euphotic zone near the layers of the halocline,thermocline,and nutricline.The species abundance of phytoplankton decreased from the low-latitude shelf to the high-latitude basin on both the departure and return trips.The phytoplankton community structure in the shallow continental shelf changed markedly during different stages of ice melt,and there was shift in dominant species from centric to pennate diatoms.Results of canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that there were two distinct communities of phytoplankton in the western Arctic Ocean,and water temperature,ice coverage and silicate concentration were the most important environmental factors affecting phytoplankton distribution in the surveyed sea.These findings will help predict the responses of phytoplankton to the rapid melting of Arctic sea ice.     

基于改进的Kolsky模型波场延拓公式的纵波Q值、横波Q值估计

描述地层吸收作用的品质因子Q作为PP波和PS波联合反演中的一个重要物理参数,对地下岩石物性参数及油气预测起着重要的作用。以改进的Kolsky模型波场延拓物理机制为理论基础,结合Zhang和Ulrych提出的计算层旅行时方法,提出了基于改进的Kolsky模型波场延拓公式的纵波Q值、横波Q值估计方法。该方法是通过不同记录道间振幅谱比对数与频率的线性回归估计出一系列的Q值,然后通过筛选、平均处理得到各层位的Q值。模型试验中,估计出的P波、PS波Q值与理论Q值误差均小于2%,这表明了该方法估计Q值的正确性和估计结果的准确性。将本文方法应用于实际地震资料中,获得了合理的P波Q值估计结果。     

Tilt-depth方法适用性研究及其应用

Tilt-depth方法是一种可以快速反演磁源上顶深度的新兴方法。二维、三维模型试验表明,tiltdepth法反演误差与地质体的上顶埋深、厚度及水平尺度均有关,同时叠加异常也会对反演结果产生影响。实例中,将tilt-depth法应用于广东省下庄矿田航磁数据反演中,tilt梯度图上展示出了两条明显的近东西走向条带异常,推断为浅部基性辉绿岩脉在深部汇聚形成,并反演了两条高磁异常带上11个位置的磁源上顶埋深。反演结果揭示了下庄矿区内北侧高磁性体深度较浅,且具有南浅北深的构造特征,而南侧高磁性体规模较大,且埋深较厚,为该区深部矿产勘查提供了有利依据。     

厦门东海域和安海湾小型底栖动物的密度和生物量

2007年6月对厦门东海域5个站位和晋江安海湾4个站位进行了小型底栖动物调查，分析了小型底栖动物的类群组成、密度和生物量．结果表明，从这两个海域样品中共鉴定出12个小型底栖动物类群，厦门东海域和安海湾自由生活海洋线虫分别占总数量的84．56％和98．19％．生物量组成和密度组成不同，厦门东海域多毛类（37．80％）、海洋线虫（33．32％）和底栖桡足类（18．64％）共同组成了小型底栖动物的生物量优势类群；安海湾生物量优势类群是由海洋线虫（67．64％）和多毛类（30．46％）组成．厦门东海域小型底栖动物的平均密度为72．67±10．21ind／cm^2，平均生物量为23．01±10．41μg/cm^2；安海湾的平均密度为31．48±45．58ind／cm^2，平均生物量为18．28±25．69μg/cm^2．