Summer weather characteristics on the Grove Mountain of East Antarctica

The summer weather characteristics of the Grove Mountain, East Antarctica, are presented based on the data obtained by Chinese National Antarctic Expedition (CHINARE) in January 1999. The result shows that the pattern of daily variation of temperature and the prevailing wind direction in Grove is similar to that of Zhongshan Station. However, the daily range of temperature and strong wind frequency are much higher than those of Zhongshan Station. The change of wind direction is close to the weather system that impacted the Grove Mountain. The warm and wet air from northern parts often causes the precipitation. The clear weather appears when controlled by eastern winds in January.     

Vertical structures of PM10 and PM 2.5 and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas

The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower.     

Thickness distribution and extent of sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and surrounding waters observed in 2012/2013 austral summer

Three ship-based observational campaigns were conducted to survey sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and the surrounding waters(64.40°S–69.40°S, 76.11°E–81.29°E) from 28 November 2012 to 3 February 2013. In this paper, we present the sea ice extent and its variation, and the ice and snow thickness distributions and their variations with time in the observed zone. In the pack ice zone, the southern edge of the pack ice changed little, whereas the northern edge retreated significantly during the two earlier observation periods. Compared with the pack ice, the fast ice exhibited a significantly slower variation in extent with its northernmost edge retreating southwards by 6.7 km at a rate of 0.37 km?d-1. Generally, ice showed an increment in thickness with increasing latitude from the end of November to the middle of December. Ice and snow thickness followed an approximate normal distribution during the two earlier observations(79.7±28.9 cm, 79.1±19.1 cm for ice thickness, and 11.6±6.1 cm, 9.6±3.4 cm for snow thickness, respectively), and the distribution tended to be more concentrated in mid-December than in late November. The expected value of ice thickness decreased by 0.6 cm, whereas that of snow thickness decreased by 2 cm from 28 November to 18 December 2012. Ice thickness distribution showed no obvious regularity between 31 January and 3 February, 2013.     

壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球的制备及性质研究

以液体石蜡为油相,以壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶溶液为水相,用乳化法制备了壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球,并对微球形态、粒径分布、溶胀性、蛋白吸附率、溶血率、体外降解率进行了分析。光学显微镜下显示,微球形态圆整,粒径主要分布在100～400μm;扫描电镜显示,微球内部为三维网络状结构,骨架清晰;pH=7.4的PBS缓冲液中干凝胶微球的溶胀率为218.08%,普通壳聚糖微球为70.98%;1和24h测得凝胶微球的蛋白吸附量分别为13.21和15.68μg/g,普通壳聚糖微球分别为3.71×103和4.83×103μg/g;微球的溶血率小于5%,血液相容性良好;体外降解实验显示,壳聚糖的脱乙酰度、黏度以及溶菌酶浓度对壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球的降解性质产生影响。     

61～50kaBP亚洲季风百年尺度气候振荡的黔西南石笋记录

12个U/Th年龄测试结果显示,黔西南普安县雾露洞长度分别为667mm和830mm的两支石笋覆盖了61～50kaBP时段。据两支石笋999个δ18O数据建立了平均分辨率达15年的亚洲夏季风强度变化序列。雾露洞δ18O记录揭示了4个振幅达1.7‰的千年尺度季风增强事件,对应于格陵兰冰心DO17—DO14事件。在总体特征上,该记录峰谷振荡特征及振幅与贵州董歌洞、南京葫芦洞记录一致,进一步证实亚洲季风区大气降水同位素组成变化在大范围空间内具有一致性。在百年尺度上,亚洲季风区石笋δ18O清晰记录了MIS3早期6个DO亚旋回事件,而且在更短时间尺度上具有类似高纬气温振荡特征。这种低纬季风系统与北高纬气候变化的耦合关系表明,大气环流快速重组和传输可能是连接高低纬DO旋回及亚旋回气候变化的主要纽带。     

“可持续社会指数”的研究综述与展望

正确评价和监测区域可持续发展水平,是实现2030年可持续发展目标的关键参考.随着观测手段和计算机技术的蓬勃发展,以指标观测和指数表达为基础的“指标时代”的到来为研究区域可持续发展水平提供了一个思路.“可持续社会指数”是全要素的综合评价,可以综合衡量国家尺度的可持续发展程度,并长期监测.从理论研究、指标框架和方法论的角度详细介绍了“可持续社会指数”,从对“可持续社会指数”的指标选取和指数计算方面的局限和改进两个方面,对其相关研究进行综合梳理.最后,提出了未来可能应用的研究方向.     

花鲈Argonaute基因家族的快速进化与表达分析

RNA干扰(RNA interfering,RNAi)是广泛存在于动植物等生物中的一种高度保守、序列特异的RNA降解机制.Argonaute蛋白是RNAi途径的关键组成部分,其结构、功能和进化模式在无脊椎动物中已得到广泛研究,但在脊椎动物特别是硬骨鱼中的报道还十分有限.本研究从已测序物种的基因组中鉴定了12种哺乳动物和...     

GPS卫星轨道数值积分与广播星历及IGS精密星历的比较

本文采用作者自编的SPPORB IT程序,对GPS卫星轨道的运动方程进行Adam s数值积分求解,同时利用广播星历计算卫星轨道坐标,然后将两者结果同IGS精密星历提供的卫星坐标进行比较,并探讨其轨道误差,计算结果显示广播星历与精密星历差值在2m左右,而数值积分与精密星历的差值在2 cm左右,进一步的分析表明前者误差较大是没有考虑卫星所受的太阳光压、日月引力等影响,而后者考虑了这些影响。鉴于IGS提供的是地固系坐标,而本文数值积分是在惯性系坐标系下进行的,因此本文还举例对惯性坐标系和地固系之间的坐标转换进行了描述。最后,通过实例说明SPPORB IT程序的稳定性以及Adam s数值积分方法的有效性。     

近景影像元数据管理的初步研究

介绍了近景影像元数据的概念与作用,设计了近景影像的元数据结构和数据库,编制了近景影像元数据管理系统,实现了近景影像元数据的转换和共享。     

能源富集区产业结构时空差异及演化

针对能源富集区产业结构时空差异与演化分析不足的问题,该文运用利用HHI指数、空间基尼系数和产业结构差异系数对1995—2014年陕甘宁蒙能源富集区产业结构的时空格局差异及演化特征进行研究。结果表明:1995—2014年能源富集区第二产业比重第三产业比重第一产业比重,表现为\"二三一\"产业结构模式,是典型的以第二产业为主导的产业结构;1995—2014年陕甘宁蒙能源富集区第一产业集聚程度围绕0.04呈现小幅度变化趋势,第二、三产业的集聚程度下降趋势明显;通过考虑经济总量的分析,发现各次产业相对量仍呈集中态势,得出陕甘宁蒙能源富集区县域三次产业相对集中的结论;能源富集区三次产业结构的空间差异性不显著,年际变化较小,能源富集区需要加快推进产业结构优化升级以带动经济的可持续发展。