A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTIC NESTED-GRID MESO-(β-γ)SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MODEL——PARTI:MODEL DESCRIPTION

A three-dimensional elastic nonhydrostatic mesoscale(β-γ)model with nested-grid is presented.It uses a set of fullequations in terrain-following coordinates as its basic dynamic frame,which is solved with a time-splitting algorithmfor acoustic and gravity waves.The model physical parameterization includes a K-theory subgrid eddy mixing for cloudand free atmosphere,a bulk planetary boundary layer parameterization,and three types of sofisticated cloudmicrophysics schemes with double-parameters for hail-bearing clouds,warm clouds and snowing clouds respectively.The model is designed to be used flexibly for simulations of a variety of meso-and small-scale atmospheric processes,and can be improved as a regional and local operational NWP system in future.     

长江三角洲稻田生态系统综合增温潜势源汇交替的数值分析

将生物地球化学C, N循环模式与植被生态模式耦合, 建立了生物地球化学-植被生态耦合动力模式. 验证表明模型可以准确模拟稻田生态系统中作物生长及CH₄, N₂O排放过程. 利用模式分析了不同施肥量对CO₂吸收及CH₄, N₂O排放的影响, 以及3种温室气体综合增温潜势的演变规律, 发现了生长期内稻田综合增温潜势源汇交替现象, 提出最大汇施肥量以及零排放施肥量等概念. 利用模式研制了长江三角洲地区不同施肥方案, 为该地区可持续发展提供了科学依据.     

长江三角洲低层大气物理化学过程和生态过程的相互作用

从1999年初开始,本项目开展了全面的野外观测工作,分别在常熟、临安及青浦等地区进行了低层大气物理化学过程的综合观测,观测内容为近地面层臭氧、NO。、CO、SO。、VOC、气溶胶、辐射以及地一气热量与物质交换通量。在我国首次采用条件采样技术和涡动相关技术测量了农田N对及CO。的地一气交换通量。完成了长江三角洲地区自1978年以来遥感地理信息系统以及有关气候与大气环境等资料的收集与分析工作。对于该地区20年来土地利用、地表、气候、大气环境的变化特征与规律,取得了初步研究结果。揭露了城市化进程及污染对局地气候与环境…     

一种改进的TSI3563积分浊度误差校正方法

TSI3563型积分式浊度计是一种性能出色的气溶胶散射系数观测仪器,然而由于仪器设计所固有的限制,TSI3563型浊度计观测结果包含有角度截断和非朗伯体光源两项系统性误差,会使观测结果较真值偏小10%左右。因此,需要对TSI3563型浊度计的观测结果进行校正才能得到较为精确的散射系数观测值。该研究利用2009年华北平原HaChi气溶胶外场观测数据测试了现有校正方法,结果显示,传统的校正方法在我国华北平原这样的高气溶胶污染地区并不适用。为此,提出一种改进的校正方法,利用同时观测的PM₁和PM₁₀数据,在校正方案中加入超微米粒子体积比这一参量,对于不同体积比采用不同的校正函数。利用实际观测数据检验后发现,改进方法的校正效果相对于传统方法有很大改善。     

用卫星和雷达资料进行大范围降水估计

利用日本 GMS 卫星的展宽数字云图资料(Stretched Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiome-ter)和中国气象科学研究院的 Doppler 雷达资料,综合卫星和雷达资料进行大范围降水估计的研究。首先把卫星和雷达资料从各自的坐标系中变换到公共坐标系——双标准纬线(30°N 和60°N)Lambert 投影坐标系中,以雷达资料作为判断降水的标准,统计得到降水概率与红外亮度温度及可见光反照率的相关矩阵。然后再把这一相关矩阵应用到一定的卫星探测的大范围中,得出降水区域分布的估计结果。用该方法对1989年7月23日和8月16日两个个例进行了估计计算。     

天津地区大气颗粒物物化特性的研究

本文利用天津气象科学研究所铁塔,在1989年冬、夏两季对天津地区气溶胶颗粒物进行了粒度分布、成份分布等的测量研究。1 气溶胶颗粒物平均地面粒度谱分布的特征 为了减少观测数据的误差和气溶胶颗粒物随机性的起伏,我们把夏季和冬季相同天气条件下的观测值加以平均。夏季采样期间天气为一致的晴朗天气,能见度大于15km,采样期间绝大多数风向为     

地面对晴空大气热辐射结构的影响

本文利用1987年美国FIFE资料及1986年6月TIPMEX资料,并利用大气长、短波一维辐射传输数值模式,计算了晴空大气状态下地面辐射参数(地面热辐射温度、地表反照率等)对大气长波冷却率、短波加热率廓线的影响。结果表明,地球表面对大气边界层内的热辐射结构影响很大,特别是在高原地区这种影响尤其显著。     

GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS OF METHANE FLUX IN LIN''''AN RICE PADDIES

From July to September of 1990,CH_4 flux measurements were made in Lin'an rice paddies using gradient profiletechniques.Some characteristics of the turbulence structure under the stable conditions have been verified in the surfacelayer according to the in situ measurements.The semi-empirical turbulent parameters β_m,β_h and β_c and their changeswith the stability parameter Ri are given.Observed results indicate that CH_4 flux in the rice-paddy is mainly decided bythe methnogenesis and the process of CH4 transport from internal soils to the atmosphere,and that the CH_4 verticaltransfer is depressed in the stable surface layer.The CH_4 flux shows that its obvious diurnal changes,and the meanCH_4 flux are higher in nighttime and lower in daytime,and the peaks appear at about 2000 BST at night and 0300 BSTin the early morning,respectively.The mean value of CH_4 flux is about 4.18±2.3 mg/m~2 h.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETATION COVER,ROUGHNESS AND ALBEDO DISTRIBUTION OVER CHINA

To build land surface dataset for climate model,with application of remote sensing techniqueas well as the Geographic Information System(GIS),the data of surface type,roughness andalbedo over China in 1997 were retrieved,resolutions being 10 km×10 km.Based on these data,an analysis is conducted on the geographic distributions and seasonal variations of surfacevegetation cover and roughness as well as albedo over China.Results show that surface vegetationcover is mainly located to the south of Yangtze River,in Southwest and Northeast China andsparse vegetation cover is in the Northwest.The variation of land surface cover affects thevariations of land surface roughness and albedo.High albedo occurred in the north of XinjiangAutonomous Region,the north of Northeast China and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in winter,incorrespondence with the location of snow cover.For most part of China,surface roughness decreases and albedo increases in winter,while theroughness increases and the albedo decreases in summer,which could mainly result from landsurface cover(snow cover and vegetation cover)and soil moisture changes.This shows that thegeographic distribution and seasonal variation of the albedo are almost opposite to those of theroughness,in agreement with theoretical results.Temporally,the amplitude of surface roughnesschange is quite small in comparison with the roughness itself.     

Analysis of the influence of Taihu Lake and the urban heat islands on the local circulation in the Yangtze Delta

The influences of human activities on regional climate and weather are tremendous. The re-gional temperature and the distributing of wind field are influenced, whereas the precipitation in-tensity and the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipita…