胶原蛋白的提取及其纳米纤维的制备与表征

为提高羊皮中胶原蛋白的提取率和利用率，采用酸酶复合法提取羊皮胶原蛋白，再利用静电纺技术制备胶原基纳米纤维。以羊皮胶原蛋白提取率为评价指标，考察料液比、乙酸浓度、胃蛋白酶浓度和酶解时间四个因素对羊皮胶原蛋白提取效果的影响，确定单因素最优水平；在此基础上，采用正交试验设计对羊皮胶原蛋白提取的工艺条件进行优化，并通过紫外光谱扫描、红外光谱扫描、SDS-PAGE图谱和扫描电镜等生化技术探讨酶解过程对胶原蛋白结构性质的影响；然后将胶原蛋白和聚乳酸复合静电纺丝，制备得到胶原基纳米纤维。结果表明，酸酶复合法提取羊皮胶原蛋白最佳工艺为：料液比1:25 g/mL、乙酸浓度1.2 mol/L、胃蛋白酶用量1.0%、酶解时间72 h，在此条件下羊皮胶原蛋白提取率为38.42%±0.49%；紫外光谱扫描显示羊皮胶原蛋白于230 nm附近出现最大紫外吸收峰；红外光谱扫描、SDS-PAGE图谱分析表明羊皮胶原蛋白主要有α₁、α₂、β三种亚基成分组成，属于Ⅰ型胶原蛋白，且胶原蛋白的空间结构保留完整；扫描电镜直观表明了羊皮胶原蛋白的纤维网络结构保留较完整；静电纺丝得到的胶原...     

柴油机碳烟颗粒三维形貌特征的研究

采用微孔均匀沉积冲击器(MOUDI)颗粒采样仪从ZS195单缸发动机尾气中采样,并用软X射线显微成像和软X射线三维重建技术从不同角度观察颗粒的形貌,用Amira获得不同工况、不同粒径级下颗粒的三维形貌和形态学参数,通过比较不同负荷工况和不同粒径级下颗粒的形态学参数,如分形维数、单位体积的表面积等,分析了不同工况和粒径级下这些形态学参数的差别.     

浅谈日凌的成因、发生规律和处理方案

本文介绍了日凌的成因和发生的规律,并对日凌发生时如何处理进行了探讨。     

Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

Diporphyrin tweezer for multichannel spectroscopic analysis of enantiomeric excess

Chiral 1,1’-binaphthyl-linked diporphyrin ‘tweezers’ (R)-1/(S)-1 and the corresponding zinc(II) complexes (R)-2/(S)-2 were prepared as chiral host molecules, and their utility for chiral analyses (especially enantiomeric excess (ee) determinations) were evaluated. Tris(1-n-dodecyl)porphyrins were used for the first time as the interacting units. Host capabilities of the diporphyrin tweezers were investigated by titrations with (R,R)- and (S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (CHDA). The host molecules could be used as multichannel probes of ee by using UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence emission and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) methods. Chiral configurations could also be differentiated using CD or ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. All three optical techniques give good resolution of ee with reasonable sensitivity considering the low concentrations used (ca. 10⁻⁶ mol·L⁻¹). The ee determination of CHDA enantiomers using NMR spectroscopy is also possible because of the reasonably well separated resonances in the case of (R,R)- and (S,S)-CHDA. Non-metallated (R)-1/(S)-1 hosts could not be used to detect chiral information in a strongly acidic chiral guest. This work demonstrates the utility of 1,1’-binapthyl-linked chiral hosts for chiral analysis of ditopically interacting enantiomers.     

Nickel phosphonate MOF as efficient water splitting photocatalyst

A novel microporous two-dimensional(2D)Ni-based phosphonate metal-organic framework(MOF;denoted as IEF-13)has been successfully synthesized by a simple and green hydrothermal method and fully characterized using a combination of experimental and computational techniques.Structure resolution by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that IEF-13 crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pi having bi-octahedra nickel nodes and a photo/electroactive tritopic phosphonate ligand.Remarkably,this material exhibits coordinatively unsaturated nickel(II)sites,free-P0₃H₂and-P0₃H acidic groups,a C0₂accessible microporosity,and an exceptional thermal and chemical stability.Further,its in-deep optoelectronic characterization evidences a photoresponse suitable for photocatalysis.In this sense,the photocatalytic activity for challenging H₂generation and overall water splitting in absence of any co-catalyst using UV-Vis irradiation and simulated sunlight has been evaluated,constituting the first report for a phosphonate-MOF photocatalyst.IEF-13 is able to produce up to 2,200 fimol of H₂per gram using methanol as sacrificial agent,exhibiting stability,maintaining its crystal structure and allowing its recycling.Even more,170μmol of H₂per gram were produced using IEF-13 as photocatalyst in the absence of any co-catalyst for the overall water splitting,being this reaction limited by the 0₂reduction.The present work opens new avenues for further optimization of the photocatalytic activity in this type of multifunctional materials.