藏羚Y染色体雄性特异区遗传多样性

Genetic diversity is an important indicator of population health, especially for assessing population recovery of endangered species. To characterize the genetic diversity of Tibetan antelope(Pantholops hodgsonii) populations, we used muscle and placental tissues from accidentally killed Tibetan antelopes in Qinghai and Xinjiang and screened 11 Tibetan antelope Y-SNP-specific loci from 30 published polymorphic Y-SNP loci in bovids, of which AMELY3 (g.723 C > T) and SRYOY1 (g.167 G > A) 2 pairs of primers were polymorphic. Based on the AMELY3 locus, the haplotype diversity of Tibetan antelope Y chromosome was 0.048 ± 0.045 and the nucleotide polymorphism was 0.00006 ± 0.00005. According to the SRYOY1 locus, Tibetan antelope was divided into two haplotypes, of which H1 (g.167 G) was the dominant haplotype. Maximum likelihood tree suggests that Tibetan antelope might have two paternal origins. The haplotype diversity of Tibetan antelope Y chromosome was 0.439 ± 0.050 and the nucleotide polymorphism was 0.0008 ± 0.0004. The genetic differentiation index showed that the F_ST value between the male population of Tibetan antelope in Qinghai and Xinjiang was 0.6846 ± 0.0389, suggesting a strong population genetic differentiation. Therefore, integrated conservation across regions and research on sex chromosomes need more attention in the future conservation of Tibetan antelope.     

基于基因组重测序的藏羚Y染色体多态性遗传位点筛选

藏羚Pantholops hodgsonii是藏羚属Pantholops现存的唯一物种,由于Y染色体基因较保守,基于近缘物种的Y染色体多态性遗传位点筛选受到了很大的限制。本研究对15份藏羚新鲜组织样品进行基因组重测序,生物信息分析筛选出Y染色体雄性特异区（MSY）对应的scaffolds,对部分SNP及SSR位点进行多态性验证。共比对出44个scaffolds,以其中序列最长、候选变异位点最多且最完整的KE113803.1为参考,对其中190个SNP变异位点设计引物进行验证,共获得45条MSY DNA序列,其中15对引物扩增到的11 898 bp DNA序列中检测到27个SNP位点;同时对KE113803.1中除单核苷酸重复以外的134个SSR位点设计引物并验证多态性,筛选出56个Y-SSR位点,其中5个具有多态性。本研究结果为后续分析藏羚Y染色体遗传多样性及父系遗传奠定了良好基础。     

基于单细胞转录组数据探究不同海拔牦牛心肌细胞通讯和基因表达差异

心脏作为血液循环最重要的器官在动物环境适应中发挥着重要的作用。心肌细胞是心脏主要的功能细胞,然而高海拔地区牦牛心肌细胞基因表达变化及细胞间通讯关系尚不清楚。为此,本研究以高海拔地区牦牛(青海祁连,海拔4 000 m)和低海拔地区牦牛(青海循化,海拔2 600 m)为研究对象,基于心脏组织10×单细胞转录组测序数据,对心肌细胞和心脏其他细胞进行细胞通讯及配体-靶基因调控预测,同时对高、低海拔牦牛心肌细胞差异表达基因进行功能注释分析,以期探究心肌细胞在牦牛适应高原环境过程中的作用。结果显示,牦牛心肌细胞与内皮细胞、上皮细胞的关联最强,心肌细胞-树突状细胞及心肌细胞-巨噬细胞两个“细胞对”中CD74＿COAP和CD74＿APP配受体表达量相对较高;配受体活力在TNF信号通路中相对较强;在免疫相关通路发挥重要作用的配体PTPRC、PECAM1、ITGB2、ANXA1、BDNF等对所有“细胞对”影响明显,且PI3K-Akt信号通路在配体-靶基因调控中潜力分值最高;高、低海拔牦牛心肌细胞中差异表达基因功能主要富集在代谢途径,其中氧化磷酸化、糖酵解代谢通路相关的基因表达明显增强。本研究结果提示,牦牛...