^226Ra evidence for the ecosystem shift over the past 40 years in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Surface seawater was collected for ~(226)Ra measurement in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre from July to October, 1999 and October to December, 2003. Combined with the historical data reported for this sea area, a declined trend of surface ~(226)Ra concentrations was observed since 1960s, indicating the ecosystem shift in response to global warming. On one side, the enhanced stratification of the upper water column resulting from global warming reduced the ~(226)Ra input from the depth, on the other, the temporal increase of biological production resulting from the climate-related ecosystem structure change strengthened the ~(226)Ra removal from the surface ocean. Both the physical and biological processes resulted in the decrease of surface ~(226)Ra concentrations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The temporal trend of surface ~(226)Ra concentrations was consistent with the trends of chlorophyll a, silicate, phosphate and primary production previously reported. This study provided ~(226)Ra evidence for the ecosystem shift under global change.     

催化剂颗粒的粒径对渣油加氢反应的影响

利用浆态床渣油加氢工艺对不同直径的催化剂颗粒进行活性评价，评价结果显示催化剂在直径较小或较大时均不利于杂质的脱除。利用XRD、BET、TG/DSC、TPO、SEM/EDS等表征手段对催化剂活性及稳定性进行研究，结果表明在催化剂表面及孔道中，渣油中沥青、含金属的卟啉结构等大分子生成焦炭、金属硫化物等附聚物以及沉积物是影响催化剂性能的主要原因。综合考虑所有杂质的脱除率可知，直径为1.2mm时催化剂的总体性能最好。     

不同反应温度和原料对化学沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石的影响

使用不同磷源与钙源制得纳米羟基磷灰石,并利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜、热重分析等分析手段对产物进行表征,探究不同的反应温度、不同原料等实验条件对产物的组成、形貌及尺寸的影响。结果表明：升高温度有利于晶体生长;不同钙源对产物的影响不大,改变磷源对产物组成的影响较大;产物羟基磷灰石中的磷酸根会被磷酸氢根所取代,并且以磷酸氢二钠为原料时产物中磷酸氢根含量最高。     

高温超导滤波器应用的探索与实践

自1911年发现超导电性以来,在不断发现新材料,揭示新机理,发展新理论的同时,超导应用也取得了引人瞩目的进展,其中利用超导材料微波损耗很低的特性研制的微波滤波器和微波接收机前端子系统得到了世界各国的重视,并在实际应用中取得了重要成果.本研究组长期从事该领域的研究,并已取得一些成果.该文将从超导滤波器的创新设计方法入手,结合研究组近些年开展的工作,介绍高温超导滤波器及其子系统在无线通讯、气象雷达、射电天文以及空间技术等领域中的应用.     

内蒙狼山新元古代酸性火山岩的发现及其地质意义

在内蒙狼山西南段原定为中元古代沉积建造(渣尔泰山群)中, 新发现呈层产出、具有变余聚斑状和斑状结构、斑晶主要由石英和钠长石组成、岩石化学成分富钠低钾的酸性火山岩, 其顶、底板均为细晶方解石大理岩(或结晶灰岩). 两件代表性样品的锆石呈短柱状-长柱状, 内部环状结构发育, 具有较高的Th/U比值, 表明是岩浆成因. A8-0样品20粒锆石的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(816.9±4.5) Ma. A14-5样品也测定20粒锆石, 15粒锆石的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(805±5.0) Ma, 其余5粒锆石(3.1, 6.1, 7.1, 20.1, 21.1)依次为(867.0±10), (829.1±8.0), (849.7±9.8), (839.2±9.7), (830.7±9.3) Ma. 这证实酸性火山岩属于新元古代产物, 其年龄区间正好在 Rodinia(罗迪尼亚)超大陆裂解的时限范围内. 且酸性火山岩轻稀土富集, 重稀土亏损, 铕负异常明显, 高场强元素(HFSE)富集, 大离子亲石元素等相对亏损, 稀土和微量元素组成与华南扬子块体西缘和浙江次坞地区裂谷环境的新元古代酸性火山岩总体相似(但华南酸性火山岩的高场强元素Th, Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr均明显相对亏损), 具有形成于张性裂谷盆地的特征. 这表明内蒙狼山西南段存在与新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解作用相呼应的海相火山-沉积变质建造, 内蒙狼山地区可能有与Rodinia超大陆裂解作用相呼应的构造-岩浆-热事件发生. 这一发现, 结合在西部阿拉善邻区发现的晋宁期花岗岩年龄(814~872 Ma)和金川超基性岩体的年龄(827 Ma)及华北地台邻区新元古代岩浆(火山)活动的最新研究成果, 对进一步研究Rodinia超大陆的构造演化历史有重要意义.     

A high-performance narrowband high temperature superconducting filter

Recent development of a high-performance narrowband high-temperature superconducting (HTS) filter is presented. A 10-pole quasi-elliptic function response filter with two pairs of transmission zeros (for high selectivity), which has a center frequency of 2.185 GHz and a 3 dB bandwidth of 10 MHz (a fractional bandwidth of 0.45%), is introduced. The filter was fabricated on a 40 mm×16 mm×0.5 mm MgO wafer with double-sided YBCO films. The measured results show that the filter has 0.15 dB insertion loss at the ...     

Algorithms for improving accuracy of spray simulation

Fuel spray is the pivotal process of direct injection engine combustion.The accuracy of spray simula- tion determines the reliability of combustion calculation.However,the traditional techniques of spray simulation in KIVA and commercial CFD codes are very susceptible to grid resolution.As a conse- quence,predicted engine performance and emission can depend on the computational mesh.The two main causes of this problem are the droplet collision algorithm and coupling between gas and liquid phases.In order to improve the accuracy of spray simulation,the original KIVA code is modified using the cross mesh droplet collision(CMC)algorithm and gas phase velocity interpolation algorithm.In the constant volume apparatus and D.I.diesel engine,the improvements of the modified KIVA code in spray simulation accuracy are checked from spray structure,predicted average drop size and spray tip penetration,respectively.The results show a dramatic decrease in grid dependency.With these changes,the distorted phenomenon of spray structure is vanished.The uncertainty in predicted aver- age drop size is reduced from 30 to 5μm in constant volume apparatus calculation,and the uncertainty is further reduced to 2μm in an engine simulation.The predicted spray tip penetrations in engine simulation also have better consistency in medium and fine meshes.     

SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of the detrital zircons from the Longshoushan Group and its tectonic significance

Sixty-two geologically meaningful U-Pb dates were obtained by using SHRIMP technique for the detrital zircons in three metasedimentary rocks from stratigraphically uppermost parts of the Longshoushan Group in the present study. Eighty percents of these dates range from 1.7 Ga to 2.2 Ga with a peak at 1.8-2.0 Ga and twenty percents from 2.3 Ga to 2.7 Ga. The youngest detrital zircon is dated at 1724±19 Ma which is interpreted as the maximum depositional age of the metasedimentary rocks. Therefore, the age for the diagenesis and lithification of the original sedimentary rocks of the Longshoushan Group before the metamorphism must be younger than 1724±19 Ma. Comparison of the age histograms of these detrital zircons with the ages of the igneous rocks on the surrounding older massifs suggests that the sediments of the Longshoushan Group were most likely derived from the Alaxa Block and Tarim Craton. This implies that the affinity between Alaxa Block and Tarim Craton was strong and that they might have been a unified craton during middle-early Proterozoic time.     

Space qualification mechanical tests of HTS filters for satellite application

High performance high-temperature superconducting （HTS） filters have been designed and constructed for satellite application. The filters are actually a superconducting integration of an 8-pole band-pass filter with an adjustable band-stop filter onto a single piece of LaAIO3 substrate （with dimension of 0.5x45x20 mm3）. Typical results of the filters, i.e., Filters A （made by YBCO） ＆ B （made by TBCCO） will be reported. The measured responses of Filter A showed excellent specifications, e.g., an insertion loss less than 0.1 dB, a return loss better than -22.5 dB in pass-band, band-edge steepness greater than 12 dB/MHz and out-of-band rejection at a certain band deeper than -110 dB. To satisfy the requirement of rocket launch and space operation, three filters of the above design have undergone mechanical environmental simulation tests for space qualification. Detailed analysis of the response curves of Filter B measured before and after the tests showed that no noticeable change in the performance can be found. All the filters passed the rigorous ground simulation tests, which is the first time in China for HTS devices and provided a solid foundation for satellite applications of high-temperature superconductors in the near future.     

The mean residence time of river water in the Canada Basin

Seawater was collected from the western Arctic Ocean for measurements of 18О, ^226Ra and ^228Ra. The fractions of river runoff and sea ice melt-water in water samples were estimated by using δ^18О-S-PО^＊ tracer system. The mean residence time of river water in the Canada Basin was calculated based on the relationship between ^228Ra/^226Ra）A.R. and the fractions of river runoff in the shelf and deep ocean. Our results showed that the river runoff fractions in the Canada Basin were significantly higher than those in the shelf regions, suggesting that the Canada Basin is a major storage region for Arctic river water. ^228Ra activity concentrations in the Chukchi shelf and the Beaufort shelf ranged from 0.16 to 1.22 Bq/m^3, lower than those reported for shelves in the low and middle latitudes, indicating the effect of sea ice melt-water. A good positive linear relationship was observed between ^228Ra/^226Ra）A.R. and the fraction of river runoff for shelf waters, while the ^228Ra/^226Ra）A.R. in the Canada Basin was located below this re-gressive line. The low ^228Ra/^226Ra）A.R. in the Canada Basin was ascribed to ^228Ra decay during shelf wa-ters transporting to the deep ocean. The residence time of 5.0-11.0 a was estimated for the river water in the Canada Basin, which determined the time response of surface freshening in the North Atlantic to the river runoff into the Arctic Ocean.