Compositions of aliphatic des-A-triterpenes in the Hani peat deposit,Northeast China and its biological significance

Aliphatic des-A-triterpenes, the degradation products of pentacyclic triterpenes have been tentatively assigned in samples taken from a 963-cm-thick peat sequence from the Hani region of Northeast China using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to understand and identify these des-A-triterpenes response to climate and ecology. The study indicates that aliphatic des-A-triterpenes are abundant in the Hani peat bog. The high relative abundance of the total des-A-triterpenes mainly occurs at the Holocene periods and is corresponding to the low sedimentation rate. The mechanism of des-A-triterpenes accumulation is not consistent with the previous studies. It is proposed that the biological community is also one influence factor. The obvious stage variations of the total des-A-triterpenes in the whole sequence reveal the different biological (microbes and plants) processes and responses, possibly revealing the four large replacements of biological community and functional composition in the swamp environment over the 16000 cal a BP. The low total des-A-triterpenes values occur at about 10200, 8700, 7700, 6600, 4480–3940 and 3040 cal a BP, reflecting the multiple millennial micro-environment oscillations under the macro-environment of the swamp during the Holocene. The ratios of diene and monoene des-A-triterpenes (DT/MT), des-A-lupane and diene and monoene des-A-triterpenes (DL/(DT+MT)), ratios of individual compounds exhibit vertical opposite to the total des-A-triterpenes. Namely, these ratios are high during the last deglaciation and late Holocene whereas they are low at other periods, indicating different compounds have different responses to micro-environment and microbial activities. This study discusses the diversity of biological community and biological functional composition response to micro-environment, which not only provides the complement in Northeast China, but also bears important fundamental information for the implication to ecological environment in the future.     

Zn1-xCdxSe/ZnSe多量子阱光伏效应研究

测量以GaAs为衬底的Zn1-xCdxSe／ZnSe应变层多量子阱在不同温度下（18～300K）的光伏谱,研究Zn1-xCdxSe／ZnSe多量子阱的光伏效应和带间激子跃迁,实验结果表明,Zn1-xCdxSe／ZnSe量子阱具有显著的量子限制效应,从18K直至室温,都能观测到清晰的激子跃迁峰,说明Zn1-xCdxSe／ZnSe是制作室温下工作的蓝绿激光器等发光器件的合适材料。     

高温变形过程中的动态再结晶类型识别

通过分析高温变形过程中伴随再结晶晶粒长大的内部位错密度变化,判别不同变形条件下动态再结晶过程的进行形式,研究动态再结晶形式对变形参数的依赖规律,发现：低温大应变速率下,高温变形过程中的再结晶形式以连续性动态再结晶为主;高温低应变速率下,以周期性动态再结晶为主.根据动态再结晶软化与加工硬化平衡,得到反映稳态流动时钛合金流动应力对变形参数的响应,建立具有实际物理意义描述钛合金稳态流动本构关系的Arrhenius型方程.通过热模拟压缩实验得到800~900℃,0.0005~10 s-1条件下的TC18钛合金高温变形流动应力应变曲线,验证动态再结晶形式的判据模型,并通过DMM耗散效率分布图分析模型的适用性.通过显微组织分析,研究不同变形参数下的高温变形过程中,不同动态再结晶形式对应的再结晶晶粒粗化/细化的特点.通过各变形条件下真应变？=0.8时的稳态应力验证得到的本构模型,并分析应变速率敏感系数的变化规律.     

基于正交试验和Fluent的管翅式换热器结构优化

通过正交试验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究平直翅片管式换热器的换热和流阻特性,以换热系数和压降作为评价指标,用逐个分析各参数对换热和流阻特性的影响以及综合换热评价指标两种评价方法实现对换热器风机风量、翅片间距、厚度和管横纵向间距的优化。结果表明：翅片间距对压降影响最大,管纵向间距对空气侧换热系数影响最大;一种优化组合为风机风量1 450 m³/h、翅片间距2.4 mm、翅片厚度0.38 mm、管横向间距28 mm和纵向间距15 mm,另一种优化组合为风机风量1 700 m³/h、翅片间距2.4 mm、翅片厚度0.38 mm、管横向间距28 mm、纵向间距21 mm;使用优化换热器的冰淇淋机的换热能力比原设备分别提高了5.73%和6.85%。     

A comparative study of n -alkane biomarker and pollen records: an example from southern China

We report the results of a comparative study of n-alkane biomarkers and pollens in lacustrine and peat deposits at Dingnan, Jiangxi Province in southern China, and discuss the likely causes for the discrepancy in the interpretations of the n-alkane biomarker and pollen records in terms of climate and vegetation change. The results show that past changes in climate and vegetation revealed by the n-alkane record are not always consistent with the pollen assemblage record in the whole section. Biomarkers do not permit direct identification of the plant family and/or genus and mainly record compositions of local plant remains, while pollens mainly reflect the regional vegetation change. Biomarkers and pollen records complement each other, providing a better picture of local and regional environments. Furthermore, biomarkers are more sensitive than pollen to climatic and vegetational change. Several climatic events are clearly identified by the n-alkane biomarker proxies, such as C₃₁/(C₂₇+C₂₉+C ₃₁) ratio and can be correlated to the North Atlantic Heinrich event, B/A, YD and two dry-cool events during the early Holocene such as the periods of 9850 to 9585 cal a B.P. and 8590 to 7920 cal a B.P. These events are consistent with those found in the surrounding regions, suggesting that the regional climate was coupled with global-scale abrupt climatic events. Our results suggest that biomarker and pollen data can record the more detailed climate and vegetation information, thus improving the resolution and precision of vegetation and climate reconstruction. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40602004) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB720200)     

大纯滞后对象的免疫-Smith控制器研究

免疫控制器是借鉴生物系统的免疫机理而设计的一种智能控制器,具有参数调整时间短、抗干扰能力强等特点.免疫算法中的抑制细胞相当于比例积分微分控制器的反馈环节,该细胞只与前面时刻的抗体变化即控制器输出有关,而与系统当前的测量值无关,可以避免由于系统的滞后对控制造成的影响.将免疫控制器和Smith预估器结合设计一种新型控制器,使该控制器既能克服纯滞后对系统性能的影响,又能降低单独采用Smith预估控制时对系统模型准确性的依赖.仿真结果表明,免疫-Smith控制器的性能在模型匹配和失配情况下均优于其它控制器.     

瑞利波泄漏模式的模拟研究

瑞利导波相速度频散曲线有时会出现截止或截断现象,此时必须考虑泄漏模式波的存在,如何快速求取泄漏模式波的相速度大小是研究的核心问题．采用添加附加层的方法,使瑞利波实频散方程求根的范围包含所有的层速度区域,从而可用Abo—zena,Menke和Bixing Zhang等学者研究过的传递矩阵理论,利用二分法求解相速度大小,即用导波来模拟计算泄漏模式波相速度大小．从模拟计算结果来看,附加层法不仅能模拟出原模型的实数导波,而且还能计算出泄漏模式波的变化．由此可见,用附加层法来计算瑞利波的泄漏模式是可行的;同时,若将该方法应用于瑞利波勘探的反演,它不会增加未知数的个数。     

带圆钢管的劲性高强混凝土轴压短柱的承载力及可靠度分析

为了探求一个合理的设计公式来计算带圆钢管的劲性高强混凝土柱在轴压下的极限强度,完成了包含13个短柱试件在内的轴心受压试验以研究该类柱在轴压下的破坏模式和极限强度．试验结果表明,在荷载作用下,直到荷载接近极限值时,柱中钢管、纵向钢筋以及混凝土三者之间的纵向应变基本上是协调的,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,因此可以采用叠加原理来计算带圆钢管的劲性高强混凝土柱在轴压下的极限承栽力．此外,分析了该极限承载力计算公式的可靠度水平．分析结果表明,该承载力计算满足GB50068—2001对构件可靠指标的要求．     

Re-Os dating of auriferous pyrite from the Zhenyuan super-large gold deposit in Ailaoshan gold belt, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

Zhenyuan gold deposit is the largest super large gold deposit in the Ailaoshan gold belt,but its precise mineralization age is still lack.Re-Os isotopic age of the auriferous pyrite from the Zhenyuan gold deposit was determined by using a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(HR-ICP-MS).The pyrite samples were decomposed in carius tubes,Os was separated by distillation and Re was extracted by acetone,respectively.The results show that the Re-Os isochron age is 229±38 Ma(MSWD=2.0,confidence level is 95%),with an initial 187 Os/188 Os value of 0.68±0.24 and a corresponding Os value of 442±91.The Re/Os ratios of the pyrite vary from 40.8 to 100.5.The data suggest that at least one important ore-forming event was occurred during Indosinian epoch,and the ore-forming materials probably derived from mixed sources of crustal and mantle,while the later dominated.The Ailaoshan composite orogen experienced complicated evolutional processes,including formation of Precambrian-Early Paleozoic basement,subduction and orogenesis of Late Paleozoic era,collisional orogenesis of Late Hercynian-Indosinain epoch,and extensional or striking orogenesis of Yanshainan-Cenozoic epoch.The polycycle tectonic evolution and magmatism in this area caused multi-stage and superposition metallization characteristics of the Zhenyuan gold deposit:the mineralization probably occur mainly during the Indosinian collisional orogeny,while the minor gold ores of altered granite-porphyry and altered lamprophyre may be formed in the late superposition metallization.     

工地安全管理需要处理好五种关系

工地施工管理是工程工作重要的组成部分,而安全保障则是重要措施,要搞好工地施工管理必须处理好五种关系。