嫦娥三号“玉兔号”巡视器遥操作中的关键技术

2013年12月14日,"嫦娥三号"成功地将月面着陆器和"玉兔号"巡视器送抵月球,这标志着我国已完成了探月工程中"落"月的重要阶段.嫦娥三号任务的一个关键组成部分是由地面遥操作中心控制"玉兔号"巡视器在月面非结构化环境中进行巡视和科学探测,而遥操作技术正是该组成部分成功实施的关键."玉兔号"巡视器遥操作技术主要包括巡视器的导航定位、月面地形重构、行驶路径规划和机械臂探测等关键步骤,这些步骤相互支撑与融合,保证了嫦娥三号任务的顺利实施.本文在对上述4个方面关键技术的发展和应用现状进行总结的基础上,阐述了相关的主要技术途径及其应用特点,分析了各种技术在"玉兔号"月面巡视与科学探测任务实施中的发挥的重要作用,并评述了它们的发展潜力和应用前景,对中国探月工程以及后续火星探测工程中的遥操作具有一定的指导意义.     

Deep structure at northern margin of Tarim Basin

In this paper, a 2D velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle of the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （TB） has been obtained by ray tracing and theoretical seismogram calculation under the condition of 2D lateral inhomogeneous medium using the data of seismic wide angle reflection/refraction profile from Baicheng to Da Qaidam crossing the Kuqa Depression （KD） and Tabei Uplift （TU）. And along the Baicheng to Da Qaidam profile, 4 of the 10 shot points are located in the northern margin of the TB. The results show that the character of the crust is uniform on the whole between the KD and TU, but the depth of the layers, thickness of the crust and the velocity obviously vary along the profile. Thereinto, the variation of the crust thickness mainly occurs in the middle and lower crust. The Moho has an uplifting trend near the Baicheng shot point in KD and Luntai shot point in TU, and the thickness of the crust reduces to 42 km and 47 km in these two areas, respectively. The transition zone between the KD and TU has a thickest crust, up to 52 km. In this transition zone, there are high velocity anoma- lies in the upper crust, and low velocity anomalies in the lower crust, these velocity anomalies zone is near vertical, and the sediment above them is thicker than the other areas. According to the velocity distributions, the profile can be divided into three sections： KD, TU and transition zone between them. Each section has a special velocity structural feature, the form of the crystalline basement and the relationship between the deep structure and the shallow one. The differences of velocity and tectonic between eastern and western profile in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （NMTB） may suggest different speed and intensity of the subduction from the Tarim basin to the Tianshan orogenic belt （TOB）.     

嫦娥三号月球车机械臂探测点定位方法

结合中国嫦娥三号月球车探测的科学应用目标,提出了一种基于投影变换的机械臂探测点定位方法.该方法在总结鱼眼镜头成像模型基础上,建立球面投影与透视投影间的转换关系,求得球面投影中像主点坐标和球半径,利用相关参数将球面投影图像转化为透视投影图像;结合月球车上鱼眼相机的安装位置相对固定,将转换后的透视投影图像重采样生成核线影像.利用相关系数和最小二乘匹配,在鱼眼相机核线影像上实现特征点的亚像素级匹配.通过前方交会计算探测点的三维坐标,并结合探测点邻域点坐标拟合最佳空间平面,获取平面的法向量,即机械臂探测点的定位.采用该方法对仿真图像进行了定位计算,并将计算值与仿真真值进行比较,总误差约为2 mm.实验结果表明,该方法完全能够满足嫦娥三号月球车机械臂探测的定位精度.     

等效电离参数对110GHz高功率微波放电离子体的影响

用流体模型研究110 GHz高功率微波气体击穿时,电离参数对放电等离子体结构具有重要的影响.将若干等效电离参数表达式引入流体模型,对110 GHz高功率微波诱使的空气击穿进行了数值模拟,发现由Morrow等人提出的表达式更加合理.基于Morrow等人报道的参数,发现在一个大气压下,放电等离子体在空间呈现离散分布,相邻等离子体细丝的间距约等于四分之一波长,等离子体前沿朝向微波源移动,其速度与实验符合得很好.     

North China sub-craton lithospheric structure elucidated through coal mine blasting

We present a super-range seismic observation along the >1300-km-long profile passing through the Yinchuan basin and the Ordos block from the blasting point towards the southeast triggered by a large-(dynamite) scale coal blast in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region’s Helan Mountain (yielded a profile). The seismic wave information from the uppermost mantle reflecting different depths was obtained by the China continental seismic survey. Pn refracted waves from the uppermost mantle were effectively traced up t...