The concept of “character” in Dirichlet’s theorem on primes in an arithmetic progression

In 1837, Dirichlet proved that there are infinitely many primes in any arithmetic progression in which the terms do not all share a common factor. We survey implicit and explicit uses of Dirichlet characters in presentations of Dirichlet’s proof in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with an eye toward understanding some of the pragmatic pressures that shaped the evolution of modern mathematical method.     

A single origin of phenylketonuria in Yemenite Jews

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disease caused by recessive mutations of the gene encoding the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The incidence of PKU varies widely across different geographic areas, and is highest (about 1 in 5,000 live births) in Ireland and western Scotland, and among Yemenite Jews. A limited number of point mutations account for most of the PKU cases in the European population. Here we report that a single molecular defect--a deletion spanning the third exon of the PAH gene--is responsible for all the PKU cases among the Yemenite Jews. Examination of a random sample of Yemenite Jews using a molecular probe that detects the carriers of this deletion indicated a high frequency of the defective gene in this community. Although the deleted PAH gene was traced to 25 different locations throughout Yemen, family histories and official documents of the Yemenite Jewish community showed that the common ancestor of all the carriers of this genetic defect lived in San'a, the capital of Yemen, before the eighteenth century.     

高盐环境下紫球藻对其他逆境的适应性研究

紫球藻在盐逆境的胁迫下，所产生的感应反映和适应机理有可能使其适应其他的逆境。在此以生长在1.5mol／L NaCl环境下并达到对数期的紫球藻为试验材料,观察测定光抑制或低温对光合作用等主要生理生化参数的影响,发现：经过盐处理的紫球藻在光抑制或低温逆境下,光合效力下降更快更低。     

Marking of chloroplast galactolipids with tritium

Résumé Une technique pour le marquage des galactolipids du chloroplast par tritium est décrit. Cette technique utilise l'oxidation du galactoside par le galactoseoxidase suivi par une réduction des aldehydes formées avec borohydride tritié. L'application de cette technique pour l'étude ultrastructurelle de chloroplasts est montré.     

NaCl胁迫对紫球藻生长和多糖含量的影响

在此就NaCl胁迫对紫球藻生长和多糖含量的影响进行探讨．在盐胁迫条件下，紫球藻的生长受到抑制，叶绿素和藻红素的含量均下降；但结合多糖的浓度随着培养时间而显著增加．盐胁迫作用还迅速抑制紫球藻的光合作用效率并增加暗呼吸速率。