Spectroscopic study on the photophysical properties of chlorine substituted tetraphenylporphyrin-histidine and its zinc(Ⅱ)complexes

As the structural analogues of (bacterio)chlorophylls in photosynthetic organisms, porphyrins play an important role in building up artificial photosynthetic systems[13]. In natural photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes,certain amino acid residuals modulate the reactions ofcharge transfer and energy transfer via coordination andother types of interactions with chlorophyll molecules.For instance, in higher-plant photosynthetic reaction cen-ter PSⅡ, the oxidization-reduction system consistin…     

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β and Alzheimer’s disease: pathophysiological and therapeutic significance

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive and behavioral dysfunction and is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Several studies have implicated molecular and cellular signaling cascades involving the serine-threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase β(GSK-3β) in the pathogenesis of AD. GSK-3β may play an important role in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, the two classical pathological hallmarks of AD. In this review, we discuss the interaction between GSK-3β and several key molecules involved in AD, including the presenilins, amyloid precursor protein, tau, and β-amyloid. We identify the signal transduction pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD, including Wnt, Notch, and the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway. These may be potential therapeutic targets in AD. Received 19 December 2005; received after revision 24 January 2006; accepted 6 February 2006     

Cutting tool materials for high speed machining

High speed machining (HSM) is one of the emerging cutting processes, which is machining at a speed significantly higher than the speed commonly in use on the shop floor. In the last twenty years, high speed machining has received great attentions as a technological solution for high productivity in manufacturing. This article reviews the developments of tool materials in high speed machining operations, and the properties, applications and prospective developments of tool materials in HSM are also presented.     

倾斜侧吹粉气流在熔池中射流轨迹的研究

倾斜侧吹粉气流在熔池中射流轨迹的研究韩旭，彭一川，肖泽强根据动量定理和卷吸理论，建立了倾斜侧吹粉气流在熔池中射流轨迹的数学模型．结果表明，射流垂直穿透深度随弗鲁德数或喷嘴向下倾角的增加而增大，但随密度比的增加而减少．倾斜侧吹粉气流在熔池中射流轨迹的研...     

呼和浩特市城市生态系统评价

为了解近年来呼和浩特城市生态系统发展趋势,根据自然-社会-经济复合生态系统的概念,从自然、社会和经济3个角度构建生态系统评价指标体系,并采用主成分分析法对呼和浩特2006年~2014年城市生态系统进行评价,研究结果表明,在不断推进城市现代化建设的同时,当地政府对城市生态环境的建设也给予高度重视,城市的生态环境质量逐步增高,但呼和浩特城市生态系统环境质量仍面临着巨大的挑战.最后针对呼和浩特市城市生态系统的评价结果,提出构建其环境与城市建设的协调机制.     

分层测压井测试遇阻原因分析及处理方法

河南油田第一采油厂每年油水井分层测压工作量很大,由于井筒中死油的影响,测试遇阻、仪器掉卡事故频繁,严重影响原油生产,增加操作成本。本文概要介绍了该厂各类分层测压操作方法及存在问题,分析了产生原因并提出解决办法,研制的洗井装置结构简单、性能稳定可靠,解决了现场生产难题,取得很好应用效果。     

浅析我国光纤通信技术的现状及未来发展趋势

早在二十世纪中后期,我国的光纤通信技术就已经有了一定的发展。光纤通信技术由于在许多方面优于其他光缆通信,已经成为国内通信不可缺少的一个组成部分。当前,光纤通信技术已经成为我国通信领域的重要发展方向,与国外的差距也正逐渐缩小。本文主要对我国光纤通信技术的发展现状及未来的发展趋势进行简单分析。     

Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1

Infections by the Ebola and Marburg filoviruses cause a rapidly fatal haemorrhagic fever in humans for which no approved antivirals are available. Filovirus entry is mediated by the viral spike glycoprotein (GP), which attaches viral particles to the cell surface, delivers them to endosomes and catalyses fusion between viral and endosomal membranes. Additional host factors in the endosomal compartment are probably required for viral membrane fusion; however, despite considerable efforts, these critical host factors have defied molecular identification. Here we describe a genome-wide haploid genetic screen in human cells to identify host factors required for Ebola virus entry. Our screen uncovered 67 mutations disrupting all six members of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein-sorting (HOPS) multisubunit tethering complex, which is involved in the fusion of endosomes to lysosomes, and 39 independent mutations that disrupt the endo/lysosomal cholesterol transporter protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Cells defective for the HOPS complex or NPC1 function, including primary fibroblasts derived from human Niemann-Pick type C1 disease patients, are resistant to infection by Ebola virus and Marburg virus, but remain fully susceptible to a suite of unrelated viruses. We show that membrane fusion mediated by filovirus glycoproteins and viral escape from the vesicular compartment require the NPC1 protein, independent of its known function in cholesterol transport. Our findings uncover unique features of the entry pathway used by filoviruses and indicate potential antiviral strategies to combat these deadly agents.     

Modular and predictable assembly of porous organic molecular crystals

Nanoporous molecular frameworks are important in applications such as separation, storage and catalysis. Empirical rules exist for their assembly but it is still challenging to place and segregate functionality in three-dimensional porous solids in a predictable way. Indeed, recent studies of mixed crystalline frameworks suggest a preference for the statistical distribution of functionalities throughout the pores rather than, for example, the functional group localization found in the reactive sites of enzymes. This is a potential limitation for 'one-pot' chemical syntheses of porous frameworks from simple starting materials. An alternative strategy is to prepare porous solids from synthetically preorganized molecular pores. In principle, functional organic pore modules could be covalently prefabricated and then assembled to produce materials with specific properties. However, this vision of mix-and-match assembly is far from being realized, not least because of the challenge in reliably predicting three-dimensional structures for molecular crystals, which lack the strong directional bonding found in networks. Here we show that highly porous crystalline solids can be produced by mixing different organic cage modules that self-assemble by means of chiral recognition. The structures of the resulting materials can be predicted computationally, allowing in silico materials design strategies. The constituent pore modules are synthesized in high yields on gram scales in a one-step reaction. Assembly of the porous co-crystals is as simple as combining the modules in solution and removing the solvent. In some cases, the chiral recognition between modules can be exploited to produce porous organic nanoparticles. We show that the method is valid for four different cage modules and can in principle be generalized in a computationally predictable manner based on a lock-and-key assembly between modules.