Forecast robustness in macroeconometric models

This paper investigates potential invariance of mean forecast errors to structural breaks in the data generating process. From the general forecasting literature, such robustness is expected to be a rare occurrence. With the aid of a stylized macro model we are able to identify some economically relevant cases of robustness and to interpret them economically. We give an interpretation in terms of co‐breaking. The analytical results resound well with the forecasting record of a medium‐scale econometric model of the Norwegian economy.     

THE EVOLUTION OF FIBERLINE TECHNOLOGY IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHT

With the environment in focus three different fiberlines ranging over a 20-year-period are compared. It is concluded that the environmental operation has significantly been boosted over the years. Today's challenges in the R&D activities relating to fiberline technology include e.g. improved pulp yields and prevention of yellowing of fully bleached pulp. A method for determination of mill pulp yield is presented, and the latest modified cooking concept briefly discussed in relation to the higher yields obtained. The topic of yellowing is discussed and hot chlorine dioxide bleaching is presented as a tool to reduce the yellowing tendency.