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How to enjoy laccases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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We examined relative abundances of grassland birds among Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields seeded with 2 monocultures of introduced grass species and 2 mixes of native grasses in the Southern High Plains of Texas. We assessed bird compositions among these 4 cover types and between the cover types pooled into categories of introduced and native fields. Breeding season bird diversity and total abundance did not differ among cover types or between introduced and native fields. Grasshopper Sparrows ( Ammodramus savannarum ), Cassin’s Sparrows ( Aimophila cassinii ), and Western Meadowlarks ( Sturnella neglecta ) accounted for more than 90% of breeding season detections. Grasshopper Sparrows were the most abundant and found in all cover types. Cassin’s Sparrows were 38% to 170% more abundant among the native seed mix without buffalograss ( Buchloë dactyloides ) compared to 3 other cover types. Although this association was statistically lost when cover types were pooled into introduced or native fields ( U = 93.5, P = 0.91), the species was still 50% more abundant among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Meadowlarks occurred ubiquitously but at very low numbers during the breeding season. During winter, avian abundance was 44% greater among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Meadowlarks, Horned Larks ( Eremophila alpestris ), and Savannah Sparrows ( Passerculus sandwichensis ) accounted for 94% of all winter detections. Meadowlarks occurred ubiquitously, but Horned Larks and Savannah Sparrows were 157% and 96% more abundant, respectively, among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Our data suggest that monocultures of introduced grasses may benefit some bird species but also that native seed mixes may have a more positive influence through increased diversity and abundance of grassland birds. However, pooling cover types into the broader categories of introduced or native grasses may dampen or occlude biologically meaningful results. It may be prudent to avoid broad categorization of CRP fields based solely on native or introduced grass cover when assessing habitat associations of grassland birds. 相似文献
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G. Odierna L. G. Badalucci S. M. Guarino C. Gambardella M. De Nicola 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(7):652-656
Two mediterranean populations ofIdotea baltica basteri from Messina and Naples showed a set of chromosomes composed by 58 all-biarmed chromosomes. The heterochromatin was located in the pericentromeric region of the chromosomes, and its composition appeared heterogeneous. In fact, not all the homologs showed heterochromatin resistant to digestion with three restriction enzymes (Alu I, Hae III and Sau 3A). Moreover, the two populations showed polymorphism in a band of G+C-rich telomeric heterochromatin, which was present only in the population from Messina. It is hypothesized that chromosomal polymorphism might reflect the geographical isolation of the two populations. It is also suggested that a process of diversification is taking place. 相似文献
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Fritz JH Rojas OL Simard N McCarthy DD Hapfelmeier S Rubino S Robertson SJ Larijani M Gosselin J Ivanov II Martin A Casellas R Philpott DJ Girardin SE McCoy KD Macpherson AJ Paige CJ Gommerman JL 《Nature》2012,481(7380):199-203
The largest mucosal surface in the body is in the gastrointestinal tract, a location that is heavily colonized by microbes that are normally harmless. A key mechanism required for maintaining a homeostatic balance between this microbial burden and the lymphocytes that densely populate the gastrointestinal tract is the production and transepithelial transport of poly-reactive IgA (ref. 1). Within the mucosal tissues, B cells respond to cytokines, sometimes in the absence of T-cell help, undergo class switch recombination of their immunoglobulin receptor to IgA, and differentiate to become plasma cells. However, IgA-secreting plasma cells probably have additional attributes that are needed for coping with the tremendous bacterial load in the gastrointestinal tract. Here we report that mouse IgA(+) plasma cells also produce the antimicrobial mediators tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and express many molecules that are commonly associated with monocyte/granulocytic cell types. The development of iNOS-producing IgA(+) plasma cells can be recapitulated in vitro in the presence of gut stroma, and the acquisition of this multifunctional phenotype in vivo and in vitro relies on microbial co-stimulation. Deletion of TNF-α and iNOS in B-lineage cells resulted in a reduction in IgA production, altered diversification of the gut microbiota and poor clearance of a gut-tropic pathogen. These findings reveal a novel adaptation to maintaining homeostasis in the gut, and extend the repertoire of protective responses exhibited by some B-lineage cells. 相似文献
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MATOS Ver?nica Soares de CARMO Fernanda Santos do DINIZ Claudia Leite NASCIMENTO Ana Lucia Rosa PEREIRA Márcia Oliveira FERNANDES Joelma Fonseca de Oliveira SANTOS-FILHO Sebastiao David MORENO Silvana Ramos Farias BERNARDO-FILHO Mario 《科学通报(英文版)》2013,58(17):2061-2065
The Liu Wei Di Huang Wan is a formula of a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat asthma patients and has been shown to have several important properties,such as antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.The influence of an extract of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m was investigated.Anticoagulated blood(Wistar rats) was incubated with the extract,stannous chloride and technetium-99m,as sodium pertechnetate.Samples were centrifuged and aliquots of plasma and blood cells were separated and precipitated with trichloroacetic acid,to obtain soluble and insoluble fractions of the blood constituents.The percentage of radioactivity(%ATI) in all the fractions was determined.The analysis of the results shows that the extract at the highest concentration used(70 mg/mL) decreased significantly(P<0.05) the %ATI(from 96.48 ± 1.19 to 54.46 ± 7.38) on blood cells compartment,(from 81.11 ± 4.15 to 61.33 ± 4.74) on insoluble fractions of blood cells and(from 65.91 ± 2.44 to 13.15 ± 3.62) on insoluble fractions of plasma.In conclusion,the results suggest that the substances present on this extract can alter this labeling process,probably due to(i) redox properties(antioxidant and chelator activities) and/or(ii) specific actions in the binding sites where the 99mTc would be bound on the blood constituents.As a consequence,precaution is suggested on the interpretation of the nuclear medicine results from performed with blood constituents labeled with 99m Tc in patients that have undertaken LWDHW,although the current findings were obtained in experimental animal models. 相似文献
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Elisabetta Meacci Francesca Bini Chiara Sassoli Maria Martinesi Roberta Squecco Flaminia Chellini Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini Fabio Francini Lucia Formigli 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(24):4269-4285
We recently demonstrated that skeletal muscle differentiation induced by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) requires gap junctions
and transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) channels. Here, we searched for the signaling pathway linking the channel
activity with Cx43 expression/function, investigating the involvement of the Ca2+-sensitive protease, m-calpain, and its targets in S1P-induced C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of
TRPC1 significantly reduced Cx43 up-regulation and Cx43/cytoskeletal interaction elicited by S1P. TRPC1-dependent functions
were also required for the transient increase of m-calpain activity/expression and the subsequent decrease of PKCα levels. Remarkably, Cx43 expression in S1P-treated myoblasts
was reduced by m-calpain-siRNA and enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of classical PKCs, stressing the relevance for calpain/PKCα axis
in Cx43 protein remodeling. The contribution of this pathway in myogenesis was also investigated. In conclusion, these findings
provide novel mechanisms by which S1P regulates myoblast differentiation and offer interesting therapeutic options to improve
skeletal muscle regeneration. 相似文献
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Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
RJ O'Connell MR Thon S Hacquard SG Amyotte J Kleemann MF Torres U Damm EA Buiate L Epstein N Alkan J Altmüller L Alvarado-Balderrama CA Bauser C Becker BW Birren Z Chen J Choi JA Crouch JP Duvick MA Farman P Gan D Heiman B Henrissat RJ Howard M Kabbage C Koch B Kracher Y Kubo AD Law MH Lebrun YH Lee I Miyara N Moore U Neumann K Nordström DG Panaccione R Panstruga M Place RH Proctor D Prusky G Rech R Reinhardt JA Rollins S Rounsley CL Schardl DC Schwartz N Shenoy K Shirasu UR Sikhakolli K Stüber 《Nature genetics》2012,44(9):1060-1065