环戊硫酮治疗干眼的临床疗效评价

Objective To investigate anethol trithione therapic efficiency on dry eye. Methods It was a prospective random double-blind controlled study. Eighty cases diagnosed dry eye in Ocular Surface Out-patient Clinic of Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center from 2006 to 2008 were divided into two groups: anethol trithione group and control group, 40 cases in each group. Every group was then divided into two subgroups: weak dry eye subgroup, middle and severe dry eye subgroup. All groups had been added with 0.05% refresh drops. All patients had been detected and evaluated by subjective symptoms of dry eye, visual acuity,corneal fluorescent staining(F1), break-up time(BUT) and Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠT) at pre-therapy and 3,7,28 d of post-therapy. All groups had been compared and analyzed by F test and sample mean difference (SMD) or median difference (MD) comparison between pre-therapy and post-therapy. Results Except of tear and red eye, the other subjective symptoms of dry eye, F1, BUT and SⅠT of weak dry eye subgroup of both groups had been improved at 7 d after therapy. Only those of middle and severe dry eye subgroup of anethol trithione group had been improved at 7 d after therapy compared with those of pre-therapy: SMD=0.96 (visual tiredness), 1.26 (dry and unsmooth sensation), 0.82 (foreign body sensation), 1.28 (burning sensation), 1.05 (photophobia), 1.48 ( pain ) ; MD=0.30 (visual acuity), 4.00 (F1) ,5.00 (BUT), 5.00 (SⅠT) [F=15.30 (visual tiredness), 15.68 (dry and unsmooth sensation ), 13.56 (foreign body sensation), 20. 91 ( burning sensation ), 18.90 (photophobia), 27.22 ( pain ), 10.54 (visual acuity), 188.21 (F1) ,261.76 (BUT) ,269.05 (SⅠT) ;P<0. 05]. Those of middle and severe dry eye subgroup of control group hadn't significantly been improved at 28 d after therapy: SMD=0.10 (visual tiredness) ,0.16 (dry and unsmooth sensation) ,0.09 (foreign body sensation) ,0.38 ( burning sensation ), 0.24(photophobia) ,0.36 (pain) ,0.23 (red eye) ; MD=0.10 (visual acuity) ,0.50(F1) ,0.50(BUT), 0.50(SⅠT) [F=1.76 (visual tiredness), 1.61 (dry and unsmooth sensation), 1.02 (foreign body sensation),2.39 (burning sensation), 2.42 (photophobia), 2.73 ( pain ), 2.55 ( red eye ), 1.46 ( visual acuity) ,2.35 (F1) ,2.90 (BUT) ,2.76 (SⅠT) ; P>0.05]. SⅠT of anethol trithione group had been improved more significantly after therapy (F=13.77, P<0.05). Conclusion Anethol trithione could significantly improve middle and severe dry eye patients' symptoms and signs whose lacrimal gland function survival and it has clinical application value.     

表层角膜镜片术的进展

表层角膜镜片术是在去除上皮的患眼角膜表面移植经切削加工而具有不同屈光度的角膜板层移植片,用以矫正屈光状态的一种屈光性手术。近年来取得了不少进展,冷冻切削角膜表层镜片更加精细及准确。为能保存活细胞,使术后视力及透明度迅速恢复,实验研究了各种非冷冻切削镜片方法,临床应用大有前途。不作角膜楔形切除的术式已被大多数学者接受。术后并发症种类有所增加,术后上皮化异常及欠矫,过矫为主要并发症。为减少这两种并发症,进行了大量的临床研究。生物粘合剂(Tisseel MAP-COX)、激光可代替缝线或减少缝线针数,但尚处于实验阶段,可望用于临床。临床应用表层镜片术治疗无晶体眼,圆锥状角膜,高度近视及角膜病变取得较好效果。异种表层镜片术仍处于实验阶段,其前景广阔。     

环戊硫酮治疗干眼的临床疗效评价

Objective To investigate anethol trithione therapic efficiency on dry eye. Methods It was a prospective random double-blind controlled study. Eighty cases diagnosed dry eye in Ocular Surface Out-patient Clinic of Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center from 2006 to 2008 were divided into two groups: anethol trithione group and control group, 40 cases in each group. Every group was then divided into two subgroups: weak dry eye subgroup, middle and severe dry eye subgroup. All groups had been added with 0.05% refresh drops. All patients had been detected and evaluated by subjective symptoms of dry eye, visual acuity,corneal fluorescent staining(F1), break-up time(BUT) and Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠT) at pre-therapy and 3,7,28 d of post-therapy. All groups had been compared and analyzed by F test and sample mean difference (SMD) or median difference (MD) comparison between pre-therapy and post-therapy. Results Except of tear and red eye, the other subjective symptoms of dry eye, F1, BUT and SⅠT of weak dry eye subgroup of both groups had been improved at 7 d after therapy. Only those of middle and severe dry eye subgroup of anethol trithione group had been improved at 7 d after therapy compared with those of pre-therapy: SMD=0.96 (visual tiredness), 1.26 (dry and unsmooth sensation), 0.82 (foreign body sensation), 1.28 (burning sensation), 1.05 (photophobia), 1.48 ( pain ) ; MD=0.30 (visual acuity), 4.00 (F1) ,5.00 (BUT), 5.00 (SⅠT) [F=15.30 (visual tiredness), 15.68 (dry and unsmooth sensation ), 13.56 (foreign body sensation), 20. 91 ( burning sensation ), 18.90 (photophobia), 27.22 ( pain ), 10.54 (visual acuity), 188.21 (F1) ,261.76 (BUT) ,269.05 (SⅠT) ;P<0. 05]. Those of middle and severe dry eye subgroup of control group hadn't significantly been improved at 28 d after therapy: SMD=0.10 (visual tiredness) ,0.16 (dry and unsmooth sensation) ,0.09 (foreign body sensation) ,0.38 ( burning sensation ), 0.24(photophobia) ,0.36 (pain) ,0.23 (red eye) ; MD=0.10 (visual acuity) ,0.50(F1) ,0.50(BUT), 0.50(SⅠT) [F=1.76 (visual tiredness), 1.61 (dry and unsmooth sensation), 1.02 (foreign body sensation),2.39 (burning sensation), 2.42 (photophobia), 2.73 ( pain ), 2.55 ( red eye ), 1.46 ( visual acuity) ,2.35 (F1) ,2.90 (BUT) ,2.76 (SⅠT) ; P>0.05]. SⅠT of anethol trithione group had been improved more significantly after therapy (F=13.77, P<0.05). Conclusion Anethol trithione could significantly improve middle and severe dry eye patients' symptoms and signs whose lacrimal gland function survival and it has clinical application value.     

γ-干扰素对培养人结膜上皮细胞及泪腺上皮细胞的影响

γ-干抗素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)是致炎作用很强的细胞因子,在机体各类炎性反应过程中起着重要的作用，它不仅可以诱导多种上皮缅胞过量表达细胞间黏附分子-1（intercellular adbesion molecule-1,ICAM-1,CD54)、主要组织相容性抗原(HLA-DR)等，而且可诱导细胞凋亡。有研究发现，Sjogren患者泪腺及涎腺中IFN-γ、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)及CD54的表达增高，但其相互关系，尤其IFN-γ人结膜和泪腺上皮细胞的炎性损伤作用尚不十分清楚。     

角膜移植术后角膜在共焦显微镜下的形态学改变

目的：研究角膜移植术后角膜组织在共焦显微镜(Confocal microscopy)下的形态学改变。方法：应用Conoscan2．0共焦显微镜对板层角膜移植术后3～7d患者12例(12只眼)，术后1a患者8例(8只眼)，穿透性角膜移植术后3～7d患者10例(10只眼)，术后1a患者11例(11只眼)进行扫描检查，记录各层角膜图像。结果：板层角膜移植术后3～7d，植片中基质细胞较小，可见裂隙状暗纹和细小神经，层间为大面积高反光区，有点状颗粒沉积，植床水肿，细胞成像不清。移植术后1a，植片中未见神经，层间反光明显减弱，但仍有点状高反光颗粒沉积，植床中出现粗大裂隙状暗纹，内皮细胞密度正常。穿透角膜移植术后3～7d，植片中基质细胞“激活”，可见神经和后基质层的粗大暗纹，内皮细胞密度正常，细胞间可镶嵌有高反光点。术后1a，植片中基质细胞仍较小，未见神经，后基质层仍有裂隙状暗纹，内皮细胞体积增大，密度减少，高反光点消失。结论：Confoscan 2．0共焦显微镜可活体检查角膜移植术后角膜组织结构和细胞的病理改变，这对评估手术效果和临床观察以及跟踪随访具有重大意义。     

干眼模型的建立方法及评价

干眼是一类非常常见的眼表疾病，理想的干眼模型对于干眼的研究具有重要的价值。目前，已有多种建立干眼动物模型的方法，如通过药物作用、改变动物性激素分泌水平、去除泪腺或眼表的神经支配、诱导泪腺产生自身免疫反应、手术摘除泪腺及手术封闭睑板腺开口等均可制作出干眼模型。这些干眼模型归纳起来主要有泪液缺乏型干眼及蒸发过强型干眼两大类型。常用于制作干眼模型的动物主要有兔、狗及鼠等，此外，还有使用猫、恒河猴、貂及马等制作干眼模型的报道。对几种常见的干眼模型的制作方法及其优缺点作一简要的综述。     

正常角膜基质细胞密度和角膜厚度的研究

目的观察Confoscan 2.0共焦显微镜下正常活体角膜影像表现,测量基质细胞密度与各层厚度.方法检查34例(48眼)正常人.记录图像,并计算基质细胞密度和各层厚度.结果基质细胞密度从前到后逐渐降低,前基质比后基质细胞密度明显增高(t=-9.016,P=0.000),Bowman膜下密度最高,为(1113.2±227)个/mm2.全基质细胞密度为(806.5±57)个/mm2.角膜中央厚度为(568.3±53.8)μm,基质层为(465.5±60.2)μm,上皮层为(58.5±20.4)μm.各层厚度均与全基质细胞密度无显著相关性(P＞0.05).结论Confoscan 2.0共焦显微镜能检测角膜基质细胞密度和各层厚度.     

过敏性结膜炎的临床特点

目的了解各种类型过敏性结膜炎的临床特点.方法多中心前瞻性研究评价241例过敏性结膜炎患者的病史,症状,体征等临床评分资料.结果241例过敏性结膜炎中,各种亚型分布无明显地区差异(X2=26.699,P=0.144,P＞0.05).眼痒和异物感在过敏性结膜炎的症状中发生率最高(发生率分别为99%、80.8%).结膜充血、上睑结膜乳头和上睑结膜滤泡在过敏性结膜炎的体征中发生率最高(发生率分别为93.7%、88.1%、78.4%).季节性过敏性结膜炎(seasonal aller-gic conjunctivitis,SAC)除季节性发作及症状、体征积分均相对较低外,其他临床特点与常年性过敏性结膜炎(perennial allergic coniunctivitis,PAC)十分相似.春季角结膜炎(vernal keratoconjunctivitis,VKC)发病年龄最小,伴有典型的上睑结膜乳头改变和高的角膜缘改变发生率(76.7%).60%巨乳头性结膜炎(giant papillary conjunctivitis,GPC)患者有软性角膜接触镜的配戴史,这和其他亚型比较差异有显著性意义(X2=27.689,P=0.000,P＜0.001).季节性过敏性结膜炎,常年性过敏性结膜炎眼痒、异物感两个症状均分别与上、下睑结膜乳头和滤泡相关(均P＜0.001,r介于0.25～0.35之间);春季角结膜炎异物感与上、下睑结膜滤泡明显相关(均P=0.000,r=0.617,0.741);其他过敏性结膜炎症状与体征之间相关无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论我国过敏性结膜炎分布无明显地区差异.眼痒和异物感为过敏性结膜炎最常见的症状.结膜充血、上睑结膜乳头和上睑结膜滤泡是过敏性结膜炎最常见的体征.过敏性结膜炎症状与体征间存在不平衡性.     

圆锥角膜的共焦显微镜表现临床分级

目的 观察临床上不同阶段圆锥角膜的共焦显微镜图像，推测圆锥角膜的病理发展过程，并进行圆锥角膜的共焦显微镜分级。方法 采用共焦显微镜（Confoscan 2．0），观察24例24眼不同发展阶段（lawless分期）圆锥角膜患者的角膜共焦显微镜图像，进行分析并提出焦显微镜下的临床分分期。结果 共焦显微镜下圆锥角膜首先出现了排列规则的裂隙状暗纹，随着病情的不断进展，病变逐渐由角膜后弹力层向前发展，逐渐累及角膜的后基质和前基质，同时角膜基质细胞核拉长、排列出现紊乱，前后基质细胞失去了原有特征。急性圆锥角膜的患者角膜基质细胞出现水肿，角膜瘢痕在共焦显微镜下呈强反光的无细胞样结构。讨论 共焦显微镜下圆锥角膜的病理发展过程，是从角膜后弹力层开始，由后向前发展，逐渐累及角膜的后基质、前期基质，最后角膜破裂引起急性圆锥角膜，角膜出现水肿，愈合后遗留瘢痕。据此提出圆锥角膜共焦显微镜分期将为四个阶段：第一阶段、角膜裂隙样暗纹累及角膜后弹力层；第二阶段、角膜裂隙样暗纹累及角膜后后基质；第三阶段、角膜裂隙样暗纹累及角膜前基质；第四阶段、出现角膜基质水肿或者瘢痕。     

泪液乳铁蛋白夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验的建立及初步临床应用

泪液乳铁蛋白（lactoferrin，LF）是泪液中最主要的抗菌蛋白质，对眼表组织起积极防护作用，其含量在很大程度上能反映泪腺的外分泌功能。干眼是与泪膜密切相关的眼表疾病，病因复杂、临床表现多样，诊断存在较大困难。多项研究表明，泪液LF含量检测可能是诊断干眼最敏感特异的指标。本研究应用噬菌体抗体库技术和动物免疫制备了抗人LF单链抗体和兔抗人LF多克隆抗体，建立LF的双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）法，以检测泪液LF含量，评价该指标对于干眼的诊断价值。