Preparation and properties of lithium sulfonated polyoxadiazoles electrolyte

以硫酸肼（HS）、对苯二甲酸（TPA）、4，4'-联苯醚二甲酸（DPE）为单体，发烟硫酸做溶剂和脱水剂一步合成了一系列不同TPA和DPE单体配比的磺化聚芳噁二唑（SPOD），再通过氢氧化锂中和得到聚芳噁二唑磺酸锂（Li-SPOD）聚合物电解质，采用浇铸成膜法制得Li-SPOD电解质膜，研究改变TPA和DPE两种单体配比对Li-SPOD结构及性能的影响。结果表明，几种不同单体配比均能实现在聚合过程中一步得到SPOD，磺酸基团接枝在DPE结构的苯环上，并且可以达到理论接枝量；同时Li-SPOD电解质膜的聚集态结构差异很小；热性能的表现均非常优异，初始热分解温度都在450 ℃以上；力学性能随DPE单体含量的增加稍有下降但依然保持在较高的水平；电导率约为10^-5S/cm级别，随DPE含量增加而逐渐降低；Li-SPOD固态电解质电化学稳定性较好，对锂稳定电化学窗口均在4.0 V以上。     

Graphene oxide reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) composite fibers via template-oriented crystallization

Here, a high breaking strength and high initial modulus fibers comprised of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated via simple method of solution blending and wet-spinning. The structure and properties of these fibers were studied in details using two-dimensional X-ray diffractions, differential scanning calorimetry, one-dimensional X-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile test. Compared with pure PVA fiber, a 43 % improvement of breaking strength and an 81 % improvement of initial modulus were achieved by addition of 0.1 wt% of GO, and the results indicated that crystallization and orientation of GO/PVA composite fibers were both increased. GO could not only promote PVA chains ordered arrangement for increasing crystallization, but also act as a template for polymer amorphous orientation via the interactions between PVA and GO in the process of hot drawing and heat setting, which were responsible for the significant improvement in the mechanical properties of GO/PVA composite fibers.

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Graphical abstract GO could not only promote PVA chains ordered arrangement for increasing crystallization, but also act as a template for PVA amorphous orientation in the process of hot drawing. The amorphous orientation degree and the crystallization degree of PVA fibers were increased by adding GO.

     

Preparation of aromatic poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazoles) pulps and their paper properties

To improve the paper properties of the poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazoles) (POD), the POD pulps were prepared by prechemical and mechanical methods to increase their polarity, contact area, and interaction. The fibrillated degree of the staple fibers was evaluated by the Canadian Standard Freeness and the specific surface area, while the surface free energy was calculated by the Micro–wilhelmy method. Meanwhile, the functional groups and compositions on the surface of the POD fibers were confirmed by the FTIR–ATR and the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the surface morphological structure and the crystalline structure of the POD fibers were observed by the fiber analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, respectively. It was found that the pronounced abrasive and distinctive grooves were formed on the surface of the POD fibers after prechemical and mechanical treatment. The surface free energy of POD fibers increased 8.41%, and the polar part increased by 32.10% after treatment. It was confirmed that the polar functional groups and fibril were formed after chemical and mechanical treatment, so the interaction of the POD fibers was highly enhanced, and as a result the apparent density, tensile strength, fold endurance, and tear strength of the paper formed by those treated fibers were all improved apparently. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39818.     

Novel polyarylates containing aryl ether units: synthesis,characterization and properties

To improve the processability of the poly(p‐hydroxybenzoic acid), copolyarylates containing m‐aryl ether units were synthesized using p‐acetoxybenzoic acid, 1,4‐diacetoxybenzene and 1,3‐bis(4'‐carboxyphenoxy)benzene by melt transesterification reaction. The structure and properties of these polyarylates were characterized using infrared spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy etc. The results showed that all polyarylates were semicrystalline materials and could form a thermotropic liquid crystalline intermediate state. As the content of aryl ether units increased, the crystallization and melting temperatures of the polyarylate decreased; meanwhile, the crystalline ability became lower. The introduction of the aryl ether could restrain the formation of a liquid crystalline structure and reduce the thermal stability to some extent. After solid state polymerization (SSP), the intrinsic viscosity, melting temperature, crystallinity and thermal stability of the polyarylate increased while the melting range narrowed. However, the SSP reaction might be accompanied by degradation and crosslinking.     

Elrod算法与负压力充零算法的比较

Reynold方程是油膜轴承的压力控制方程,本文对该方程的两个数值算法,即Elrod算法和充零算法,进行了大量的实例运算比较,发现在大多数情况下两者给出的结果比较相近,但Elrod算法有收敛速度慢,不稳定和适用参数范围有限制等缺点。更为不足的是,Elrod算法由于考虑油膜历史,不能由某一瞬时的运动状态确定该时刻的瞬态油膜压力分布。本文认为,在数值求解Reynold方程中充零算法优于Elrod算法。     

In-situ immobilization of titanium dioxide on poly (ether ether ketone) hollow fiber membranes and the effect of pH level on the photo-removal process of dyes

Journal of Materials Science - In order to prevent secondary pollution due to the photocatalyst titanium dioxide (TiO2) used in industrial wastewater treatment, and to boost the photo-removal...     

玄武岩纤维表面硅烷偶联剂接枝率对环氧树脂复合材料界面强度及力学性能的影响

为提高玄武岩纤维(BF)增强环氧树脂(EP)复合材料的力学性能,通过接枝硅烷偶联剂KH550来提升BF与EP之间的界面强度。采用衰减全反射红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱仪、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、界面剪切强度测试和拉伸测试研究BF表面KH550的接枝率对复合材料界面粗糙度、界面强度及拉伸强度的影响。结果表明,KH550的成功接枝可以增加BF的表面粗糙度及复合材料的界面强度;随着KH550接枝率的增加,BF表面形貌呈现“光滑-粗糙-光滑-粗糙”的变化过程,复合材料的界面强度及力学性能也呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当KH550接枝率达到5%～6%时,KH550-BF表面均匀光滑,复合材料的界面强度和拉伸强度达到最大,分别为48 MPa和298 MPa。当接枝率超过6%,过量的KH550在BF表面的不均匀分布形成结构缺陷和应力集中,进而导致复合材料界面强度和力学性能的降低。     

低秩约束的非线性属性选择算法

针对高维的数据中往往存在非线性、低秩形式和属性冗余等问题,提出一种基于核函数的属性自表达无监督属性选择算法——低秩约束的非线性属性选择算法（LRNFS）。首先,将每一维的属性映射到高维的核空间上,通过核空间上的线性属性选择去实现低维空间上的非线性属性选择;然后,对自表达形式引入偏差项并对系数矩阵进行低秩与稀疏处理;最后,引入核矩阵的系数向量的稀疏正则化因子来实现属性选择。所提算法中用核矩阵来体现其非线性关系,低秩考虑数据的全局信息进行子空间学习,自表达形式确定属性的重要程度。实验结果表明,相比于基于重新调整的线性平方回归（RLSR）半监督特征选择算法,所提算法进行属性选择之后作分类的准确率提升了2.34%。所提算法解决了数据在低维特征空间上线性不可分的问题,提升了属性选择的准确率。     

织物阻燃表面处理技术研究进展

为进一步提高阻燃纤维和织物的实用性,并拓宽其应用领域,综述了近期在进一步提高织物阻燃表面处理技术的处理品质和多功能化方面的研究进展。基于物理沉积法、化学表面改性法、溶胶-凝胶法和层层自组装法,阐述了提高表面处理品质,如耐水洗性、机械稳定性和力学强度等方面的研究结果,在此基础上,叙述了多功能阻燃表面处理技术的优势和应用状况。指出未来的织物阻燃表面处理技术发展重点将是如何有机地结合高品质与多功能,实现功能性阻燃织物的实用化,以此推动织物表面处理技术在可穿戴电子、家具、衣物和防护用品等领域的广泛应用。     

聚苯硫醚/热致性液晶聚芳酯的流变性及其纤维的性能研究

将自制热致性液晶聚芳酯(PEE)与聚苯硫醚(PPS)共混,通过熔融纺丝制备了PPS/PEE纤维。采用高压毛细管流变仪研究了PPS/PEE共混物的流变行为,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了PPS/PEE纤维的形态结构,通过差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、X射线衍射仪等表征了PEE的含量对PPS/PEE纤维热性能及结晶行为的影响。结果表明:PEE的加入大幅度降低了PPS树脂的表观黏度,减小了其对剪切速率的敏感性,提高了PPS基体的结晶速率,加快了其结晶过程,在一定程度上提高了PPS纤维的热稳定性;PEE在共混纤维中起到异相成核剂的作用,对PPS的晶型没有影响;PEE与PPS相容性较差,PEE以大尺寸微纤的形式分布于基体中。