可否允许器官买卖?——来自道义论和后果论的挑战

主要从道义论和后果论角度反对器官买卖，并提出可供参考的建议。器官买卖将人体器官商品化，侵犯了人的价值，同时，在器官买卖中卖者的自主性和知情同意是难以做到的；器官买卖足以使器官移植技术只为少数有钱人服务，变成富人的专利，加剧了社会的不平等，会导致富人对穷人的剥削。并在论证当中分别反驳了国外颇为流行的观点。     

后腹腔镜下肾肿瘤剜除术的临床疗效观察(附5例报告)

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下肾肿瘤剜除术的操作要点及临床价值。方法：采用后腹腔镜下肾肿瘤剜除术治疗肾肿瘤5例，其中肾癌3例，肾错钩瘤2例，瘤体直径1．5～4．0cm。具体方法是：①暴露瘤体和肾动脉；②采用硅胶管牵拉肾动脉，必要时可暂时阻断肾动脉；③于瘤体1cm正常肾组织处用电钩切除瘤体；④采用生物蛋白胶、止血纱布缝合加压处理创面出血。结果：手术均获成功。手术时间150～210min，术中出血80～350ml。术后1～2天肠道功能恢复并可床上活动，1～4天可下床活动。术后住院5～9天，平均7天。结论：后腹腔镜下肾肿瘤剜除术具有创伤小、康复快、安全、住院时间短等优点；对外生性生长、直径小于4cm瘤体，该法可作为首选手术方法。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗急性心肌梗塞的观察

用蝮蛇抗栓酶对7例急性心肌梗塞患者进行早期治疗,收到显著的效果.心绞痛消失时间1天～3天,平均1.5天.心电图ST段复位到基线时间1天～16天,平均10.2天.治疗后血液粘稠度下降.     

1例人感染猪链球菌病脑膜炎患者的护理

对1例人感染猪链球菌病脑膜炎型强患者加入院护理评估，做好隔离工作，对高热、听力下降、腰背疼痛采取适当护理措施，患者未出现护理并发症，病情好转出院，同时未出现医院感染病例。     

123例清开灵注射液不良反应分析

对123个清开灵注射液所致不良反应病例进行分析,结果显示,使用该药时不良反应的出现与患者的性别、年龄以及使用剂量（在注明使用范围内）无关。在不良反应出现时间上,有53.7%病人在滴注期间1h内发生,有36.5%病人在用药24h后出现（均为再次或反复用药）。在类型上,41例皮肤反应（占33.3%）,26例药物热（占21.1%）,19例血液系统不良反应（占15.4%）,16例过敏性休克（占13%）,15例呼吸系统不良反应（占12.2）,3例惊厥（占2.4%）,其它3例（占2.4%）。不良反应出现的时间越早其危害性较大。浅析了不良反应发生的机理及防治方法。     

川崎病的不典型临床表现

目的:了解川崎病(KD)患儿的不典型临床表现及冠状动脉损害情况,探讨其诊断标准。方法:总结75例KD患儿的临床及超声心动图特点。结果:具备主要表现6项者42例(56％),5项23例(30.7％),4项7例(9.33％),3项2例(2.67％),2项1例(1.33％)。某些病例临床表现不典型,如淋巴结肿大为化脓性,皮疹结痂,可有脱指甲表现,病程中可一直无手足末端脱皮。另外发现惊厥、脑膜炎、胆囊炎、脊髓炎等各1例。71例超声心动图检查显示,47例(66.2％)冠状动脉有改变,其中冠状动脉扩张30例(42.3％),冠状动脉瘤17例(23.9％),其中巨大瘤2例。结论:川崎病临床表现多样,某些主要表现可有例外,冠状动脉扩张较常见。     

一种改良的猪肺动脉干平滑肌细胞培养方法

在本室已建立的肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)培养方法的基础上作了改进①用含400ml.LPASMC条件培养液和100ml／L胎牛血清(FBS)的PASMC混合培养液(PASMCMM)代替含100ml/LFBS的M199培养液;②传代时间选在90％长满,即PASMC处在对数生长期末而停滞期前;③用5～8滴／瓶混合消化液传代,然后用含100ml／L小牛血清的M199培养液终止反应,并使其贴壁,第2d改换成PASMCMM。经此法培养的PASMC具有生长快、分散更均匀的特点。细胞倍增时间(45．6h)较改进前(56．8h)缩短11．2h。改进后的培养方法更加简便、实用、高效。因此是一种快速、并可大量获取优质PASMC的有效方法。     

低氧对体外培养的肺血管周细胞免疫表型的影响

用细胞培养、免疫细胞化学染色、图像分析及流式细胞术观察低氧和猪肺动脉缺氧内皮细胞条件培养液(HECCM)对体外培养的新生大鼠肺血管周细胞 (PC)α- SM- actin、 CD34 、 S- 10 0和 PCNA的表达及细胞周期的影响。结果发现 ,低氧和 HECCM可促进 PC表达α- SM- actin和 PCNA,而抑制 CD34 和 S- 10 0的合成 ,促进 PC由静止期 (G0 /G1 期 )进入 DNA合成期 (S期 )及有丝分裂期 (G2 M期 )。提示 ,低氧不仅能促进 PC增殖 ,而且还可促进其向平滑肌样细胞转化。故 PC是慢性低氧性肺动脉高压时无肌型细动脉肌化的重要细胞来源。     

Establishment of the culture technique of pulmonary vascular pericytes and its identification in rats

Summary In order to study the cellular origin of muscularization in non-muscular arterioles of the lung, the pulmonary vascular pericytes-culture was established. The terminal lung tissue of the rat was taken out and minced. Then 0.5 % of type IV collagenase solution was added for digestion and the microvascular segments were obtained by screening. The targeted cells were cultured by “selective conditioned media”. Under phase-contrast microscope, the cultured cells were large in size with ragged margin and numerous pseudopodia, which imparted tubule-like structure. There was no contact inhibition in growing cells, so multiple layers developed. When they were confluent, there were morphologically no “hillock and dale” growth pattern as in smooth muscle cells or “weave-like” pattern as in fibroblasts. The ultrastructure of cultured cells showed numerous digital processes, moderate amount of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rich Golgi’s apparatus, microfilaments, few lysosomes without myofilaments and dense bodies. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the cultured pericytes had same kind of cellular skeletal protein, α-SM-actin, like smooth muscle cells. The cultured cells also exhibited positive reaction to CD₃₄ antigen and S-100 antigen, which were negative in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The cell growth pattern, ultrastructure and immunological phenotype suggested that the cultured cells had characteristics of vascular pericytes. Pericytes are one of the components of microvascular cells, and the establishment ofin vitro culture technique of pericytes is of significance for further exploration of the muscularization of non-muscular arterioles in lung and the mechanism of structural remodeling of pulmonary vessels. This project was supported by the grant of National Nature Sciences Foundation of China (No. 39570289).     

鼻咽癌染色体端粒长度变化的研究

为探讨人鼻咽癌染色体端粒行为异常与癌变的关系,应用 Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 印迹杂交对 ３０ 例鼻咽癌和３０例与之年龄、性别配对的正常对照进行了分析。结果：鼻咽癌的端粒长度与对照相比显著缩短。在鼻咽癌中,１６１７％ 显示端粒伸长,７６．６７％ 显示端粒缩短,而６．６７％ 显示与对照相同的端粒长度。分析了 ３０ 例正常人外周血淋巴细胞端粒长度的变化,可见染色体端粒的长度随年龄增长而逐渐缩短（ｒ＝ － ０．３９１３, Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,并且端粒每年平均缩短 ３９ｂｐ 的核苷酸。结果提示：人鼻咽癌染色体不稳定可能与端粒长度缩短有关。