Correction to: Influence of oral anticoagulation on success rates and risk of bleeding events after iStent inject implantation combined with phacoemulsification

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - The published online version contains mistake as the author's first name and last name have been interchanged as "Hild...     

Quality of decision aids developed for women at average risk of breast cancer eligible for mammographic screening: Systematic review and assessment according to the International Patient Decision Aid Standards instrument

Mammographic screening contributes to a reduction in specific mortality, but it has disadvantages. Decision aids are tools designed to support people's decisions. Because these aids influence patient choice, their quality is crucial. The objective of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of decision aids developed for women eligible for mammographic screening who have an average breast cancer risk and to assess the quality of these aids. The systematic review included articles published between January 1, 1997, and August 1, 2019, in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and PsycInfo databases. The studies were reviewed independently by 2 reviewers. Any study containing a decision aid for women eligible for mammographic screening with an average breast cancer risk was included. Two double-blind reviewers assessed the quality of the selected decision aids using the International Patient Decision Aid Standards instrument, version 3 (IPDASi). Twenty-three decision aids were extracted. Classification of decision aid quality using the IPDASi demonstrated large variations among the decision aids (maximum IPDASi score, 188; mean ± SD score, 132.6 ± 23.8; range, 85-172). Three decision aids had high overall scores. The 3 best-rated dimensions were disclosure (maximum score, 8; mean score, 6.8), focusing on transparency; information (maximum score, 32; mean score, 26.1), focusing on the provision of sufficient details; and probabilities (maximum score, 32; mean score 25), focusing on the presentation of probabilities. The 3 lowest-rated dimensions were decision support technology evaluation (maximum score, 8; mean score, 4.3), focusing on the effectiveness of the decision aid; development (maximum score, 24; mean score, 12.6), evaluating the development process; and plain language (maximum score, 4; mean score, 1.9), assessing appropriateness for patients with low literacy. The results of this review identified 3 high-quality decision aids for breast cancer screening.     

Tolerance of human fetal retinal pigment epithelium xenografts in monkey retina

Background: RPE transplantation offers the possibility of treating certain forms of retinal degeneration. Understanding how to optimize the surgical technique for performing RPE transplantation, especially in primates, is therefore of considerable interest. Methods: Fifteen patch RPE transplants were performed in six monkeys. The transplant sites were examined at follow-up by ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography and histology. Foveal and peripheral retinal transplants were compared. Results: Human fetal RPE xenografts can survive without rejection for at least 6 months after transplantation in monkey retina. Such grafts form a basal lamina and make intimate contacts with the outer segments of the host. Both rods and cones retain a normal appearance when in contact with unrejected transplants. Rejection occurred in only 30% (3/10) of the peripheral but in 60% (3/5) of the foveal transplants. Conclusions: Cultured human fetal RPE patch transplants can survive and maintain local photoreceptor integrity for relatively long periods of time in monkey subretinal space without immunosuppression. Rejection, when it occurs, is more frequent near the fovea.     

Behandlungsergebnisse operativ versorgter Frakturen und Pseudarthrosen der Humerusdiaphyse

Between 1969 and 1975 94 patients with fractures and pseudarthrosis of the diaphysis of the humerus were seen. During the summer of 1977 in 56 of these patients a follow-up study was done. The operations were performed only with strict indications. The best results were achieved with the osteosynthesis using compression plates, according to the recommendations of the AO (working group for problems of osteosynthesis). If the radial nerve was damaged, the fracture was revised and a neurolysis was done as early as possible; if necessary, the radial nerve was displaced to the flexor side of the bone. In short transverse and oblique fractures of the humerus the osteosynthesis with compression plates can be recommended; alternating these fractures can be treated with nails.     

G protein-coupled receptors function as logic gates for nanoparticle binding and cell uptake

More selective interactions of nanoparticles with cells would substantially increase their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Thus, it would not only be highly desirable that nanoparticles can be addressed to any cell with high target specificity and affinity, but that we could unequivocally define whether they rest immobilized on the cell surface as a diagnostic tag, or if they are internalized to serve as a delivery vehicle for drugs. To date no class of targets is known that would allow direction of nanoparticle interactions with cells alternatively into one of these mutually exclusive events. Using MCF-7 breast cancer cells expressing the human Y₁-receptor, we demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors provide us with this option. We show that quantum dots carrying a surface-immobilized antagonist remain with nanomolar affinity on the cell surface, and particles carrying an agonist are internalized upon receptor binding. The receptor functions like a logic “and-gate” that grants cell access only to those particles that carry a receptor ligand “and” where the ligand is an agonist. We found that agonist- and antagonist-modified nanoparticles bind to several receptor molecules at a time. This multiligand binding leads to five orders of magnitude increased-receptor affinities, compared with free ligand, in displacement studies. More than 800 G protein-coupled receptors in humans provide us with the paramount advantage that targeting of a plethora of cells is possible, and that switching from cell recognition to cell uptake is simply a matter of nanoparticle surface modification with the appropriate choice of ligand type.     

164. Bronchusverschluss bei Lungenresektion —Klammernaht versus Handnaht

Zusammenfassung Von 1968–1972 wurde an der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Giessen bei 215 Pneumonektomien, bei 30 Bilobektomien und bei 352 Lobektomien der Bronchusstumpf durch Handnaht nach Rienhoff oder Klinkenberg verschlossen. Eine postoperative Insuffizienz trat bei 15 Patienten (2,5%) auf. Von 1978 bis 1986 wurde bei 76 Pneumonektomien, bei 30 Bilobektomien und bei 218 Lobektomien der Bronchusstumpf per Klammernaht versorgt. Die Insuffizienzrate lag bei 2,16% (n = 7). In den ersten 5 Jahren dieser Gruppe lag die Insuffizienzrate bei 3,4%, in den letzten 4 Jahren dagegen nur bei 0,7%. Seit 1984 wurden insgesamt 68 Pulmonalgefässe ohne postoperative Komplikation mit dem Klammernahtgerät verschlossen.