Resistance to care

Resisting care is defined as any patient behavior which prevents or interferes with the care provider performing or assisting with ADLs for the patient, including bathing, eating, toileting, dressing and grooming. Significant consequences of resisting care include malnutrition, skin breakdown, dehydration, constipation and weight loss. Creativity, flexibility and patience are key components of any intervention. Due to the lability of the person with cognitive impairment, a plan that works perfectly one day may never work again.     

Being the best: Preliminary results from a national study of the achievement of prominent Black and White women.

Examined the achieving styles, coping strategies, gender roles, and feminist attitudes of 125 prominent, highly achieving Black and White women (mean age 53.5 yrs) in the US. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to examine race differences and similarities; canonical regression analyses (MANOVAs) were used to examine relationships among achieving styles and the other sets of variables. Both similarities and differences between Black and White women were found, and achieving styles were significantly related to the other variables. Strengths, limitations, and implications of the study for counseling are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Highly Robust Indium‐Free Transparent Conductive Electrodes Based on Composites of Silver Nanowires and Conductive Metal Oxides

A hybrid approach for the realization of In‐free transparent conductive layers based on a composite of a mesh of silver nanowires (NWs) and a conductive metal‐oxide is demonstrated. As metal‐oxide room‐temperature‐processed sol–gel SnO_x or Al:ZnO prepared by low‐temperature (100 °C) atomic layer deposition is used, respectively. In this concept, the metal‐oxide is intended to fuse the wires together and also to “glue” them to the substrate. As a result, a low sheet resistance down to 5.2 Ω sq^‐1 is achieved with a concomitant average transmission of 87%. The adhesion of the NWs to the substrate is significantly improved and the resulting composites withstand adhesion tests without loss in conductivity. Owing to the low processing temperatures, this concept allows highly robust, highly conductive, and transparent coatings even on top of temperature sensitive objects, for example, polymer foils, organic devices. These Indium‐ and PEDOT:PSS‐free hybrid layers are successfully implemented as transparent top‐electrodes in efficient all‐solution‐processed semitransparent organic solar cells. It is obvious that this approach is not limited to organic solar cells but will generally be applicable in devices which require transparent electrodes.     

Clinicopathological characteristics of prostatic adenocarcinoma in men with atypical prostate needle biopsies

PURPOSE: Atypical or nondefinitive diagnoses comprise 1.5 to 10% of all prostate needle biopsies and many men with atypical biopsy have carcinoma on rebiopsy. We characterize the clinical and pathological features of these men and the tumors, and compare them to those of other men who had more than 1 biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All prostate needle biopsies done at our institution between 1989 and 1996 on men with a followup biopsy were reviewed and the clinicopathological features were correlated. RESULTS: A total of 343 men had more than 1 biopsy during this period. Of the biopsies 64 were atypical and followup (repeat biopsy) was available for 59. Men with an atypical diagnosis were more likely to have carcinoma (34%) and to be diagnosed subsequently earlier (270 days) than those with an initial negative diagnosis (22%, 603 days). No significant differences were noted in patient age, results of digital rectal examination, initial or followup serum prostate specific antigen, subsequently identified tumor size or Gleason score on needle biopsy or at resection. Although on review as many as 38% of the original atypical foci could be reclassified, this reclassification did not significantly change the results of rebiopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Men with an atypical diagnosis on prostate biopsy are significantly more likely to have carcinoma on rebiopsy than men with an initial negative diagnosis, and the second biopsy should be performed at a significantly shorter interval. The tumors that are subsequently identified in these men are similar to those identified in men without an atypical biopsy.     

On the location and number of expansion centers for the generalizedmultipole technique

The generalized multipole technique is investigated from the perspective of determining a scheme for placing the multipole sources. The multipole technique is described using only the monopole current filament model. A limiting process is developed to determine the location and number of sources correlated to the radius of curvature of the scatterer. The ideas presented are verified by analyzing the convergence of the method using circular and elliptical cylinders. It is shown that ellipses with major to minor axis ratios up to 5:1 converge in a fashion comparable to the circular case     

VHF helicopter antennas that incorporate the airframe and reducerotor modulation

Antennas at VHF frequencies mounted to small (with respect to wavelength) helicopter platforms are usually limited to whip and loop antennas. Antenna placement and rotor position can drastically change antenna performance due to induced currents on the platform. This work illustrates deliberate antenna-platform interactions that cause induced currents to reinforce and improve the radiating system performance. Additionally, rotor modulation effects can be simultaneously limited. This is accomplished by using oppositely placed loop antennas at a location on the airframe that is nominally one wavelength in circumference. The resulting broadcast pattern admits low cross-polarization radiation and low copolarized rotor modulation, but is not uniform. The dipole moment of the loops dictates this nonuniformity. Double-loop antennas are used to create a more uniform broadcast pattern without sacrificing the desired low cross-polarized radiation and low copolarized rotor modulation     

Linear program synthesis for direct broadcast satellite phasedarrays

Synthesis based on sampling functions in fixed positions was used to optimize the radiation pattern of antenna phased arrays for direct broadcast satellite applications. The synthesis procedure described obtains the antenna excitations required to create a shaped sector beam which uniformly illuminates a desired region and minimizes the maximum sidelobe level. The method begins with the composing functions from Woodward-Lawson synthesis. By fixing the position of these functions, a simplex formulation can be used rather than iterative methods. The simplex formulation is more computer-efficient because the algorithm is guaranteed to converge. Examples of synthesis using this procedure are given     

Prognostic features of teratomas with malignant transformation: a clinicopathological study of 21 cases

PURPOSE: Teratomas with malignant transformation comprise up to 6% of metastatic teratomas. The prognosis of patients with these tumors can vary considerably. We delineate factors that may be related to prognosis in a cohort of men with teratoma with malignant transformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed pathological features, treatment, response, recurrence, time to recurrence, subsequent followup and survival for 21 patients (median age 28 years) diagnosed with teratoma with malignant transformation during a 7-year period at our institution. RESULTS: Malignant nongerm cell elements were present in the primary tumor in 11 cases (52%). Of 18 patients with testicular primaries 17 (94%) presented with metastatic disease. Despite aggressive treatment with surgery and chemotherapy 17 of 21 cases (81%) recurred (median time 6 months). Overall, 5 patients (24%) died of disease (median survival 23 months), 5 (24%) are alive with metastases (median followup 41 months) and 11 (52%) have no evidence of disease (median followup 50 months). Progression/recurrence was substantially greater for 2 of 2 cases with a mediastinal origin, 3 of 4 with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation and 5 of 6 with neural differentiation compared with the remainder of the cohort (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Teratomas with malignant transformation are usually metastatic at presentation, have a high recurrence rate and are more aggressive than teratomas without malignant transformation. Prognosis is especially poor for mediastinal teratomas with malignant transformation and for those with neural or rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Complete surgical resection of residual or recurrent disease appears to offer the best chance for prolonged survival.     

The ability to perceive duration: Its relation to the development of the logical concept of time.

Seventy-two children, ages 34 to 73 months, were presented with one of six different relative duration problems that involved judging which of two lights was on longer. In addition to the traditional 4- versus 7-s duration condition, each child was tested on a long (4- vs. 28-s) and a short (1- vs. 7-s) condition. Two of the problems were logically impossible to solve on the basis of nontemporal cues. Results showed that, contrary to predictions based on standard models of the logical time concept, long and short conditions were easier for children to solve than the traditional 4- versus 7-s condition. Furthermore, children were able to solve problems that are logically impossible to solve on the basis of nontemporal information. These results indicate that children have a perceptual experience of duration separate from one derived inferentially from nontemporal knowledge (e.g., start/stop relationships, speed, distance, and brightness) and that they can use this perceptual knowledge to solve relative duration problems. This suggests that the logical time concept involves the capacity to experience duration perceptually and that models of the time concept that do not acknowledge such a capacity (e.g., Piaget's) must be reassessed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)