让我们来折腾QQ吧

QQ玩了这么多年，老是那些现成的东西有什么意思呢?现在让我们举起DIY的大锤砸向QQ，尽情地去折腾它。不管是膨胀的创意还是过胜的精力，都可以从中得到发泄。想要与众不同，就从现在开始。     

Genetics of sarcoidosis

Hereditary susceptibility to sarcoidosis is suggested by ethnic preponderance, familial clustering, and multigenerational involvement. The genetics of sarcoidosis cannot be adequately addressed in small samples of patients; a large-scale study with stratification for patient phenotypic differences is necessary. A study that uses both genetic marker and environmental data would be able to control for and examine different causative mechanisms. Until such a well-designed, comprehensive study is carried out, we are left with interesting patterns of disease in families and uncertain allelic associations.     

Detection of human papillomavirus gene sequences in laryngeal tumors and premalignant changes by polymerase chain reaction

Human papillomavirus gene sequences have been detected in a number of malignant and benign tumours. Non-oncogenic types 6 and 11 are etiological factors of benign mucosal tumours. Types 16 and 18 can be detected in malignancies most often but their role in the etiopathogenesis of cancers is still unclear. In our study we examined formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archive laryngeal tissues containing squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma and precancerous lesions for the presence of human papillomavirus genes. As a control we also examined tissues harbouring laryngeal nodules which represented the normal larynx in our study. After DNA preparation from the paraffin blocks we performed polymerase chain reaction to detect the DNA of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16 and 18. In the squamous cell carcinomas, papillomas and precancerous lesions the presence of human papillomavirus gene sequences was significantly higher than in the control group. To verify the integrity of DNA we also amplified a sequence deriving from the cellular beta-globin gene. Based on the 100% positivity for this gene we declare that the combination of our DNA preparation and polymerase chain reaction is a reliable method for detecting DNA sequences from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues.     

Down-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression during acute lytic varicella-zoster virus infection of cultured human astrocytes

The effects of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) OKA vaccine strain in producing morphologic and antigenic changes in dissociated cultures of human fetal brain was investigated. Cultures containing 80% glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP), GFAP+ (positive) astrocytes and 20% GFAP- (negative) fibroblastic-like cells were infected with cell-free VZV OKA at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 plaque-forming units per cell. Cytopathic effects and significant viral antigen labeling with antibodies against VZV gpl and immediate-early (IE) protein 62 were first detected 6 to 7 days postinfection. Several observations indicated that astrocyte GFAP expression was altered and diminished as a result of VZV infection itself, thereby raising doubts about the utility of combining cell markers and viral antigenic labeling in assessing the susceptibility of neural cell types to viral infection. The down-regulation of GFAP expression by VZV appears to be mediated by early rather than late events in the viral replication cycle and may not be the result of virally induced global shut-off of host cell protein synthesis. Similar observations were made using VZV Ellen, a multipassaged, nonvaccine strain. These observations have potential in vivo implications related to histologic analysis of VZV-infected tissues and disease pathogenesis.     

Tablet use in schools: a critical review of the evidence for learning outcomes

The increased popularity of tablets in general has led to uptake in education. We critically review the literature reporting use of tablets by primary and secondary school children across the curriculum, with a particular emphasis on learning outcomes. The systematic review methodology was used, and our literature search resulted in 33 relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 23 met the minimum quality criteria and were examined in detail (16 reporting positive learning outcomes, 5 no difference and 2 negative learning outcomes). Explanations underlying these observations were analysed, and factors contributing to successful uses of tablets are discussed. While we hypothesize how tablets can viably support children in completing a variety of learning tasks (across a range of contexts and academic subjects), the fragmented nature of the current knowledge base, and the scarcity of rigorous studies, makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions. The generalizability of evidence is limited, and detailed explanations as to how, or why, using tablets within certain activities can improve learning remain elusive. We recommend that future research moves beyond exploration towards systematic and in‐depth investigations building on the existing findings documented here.     

Mental models of attachment and coping with abortion

This study explored the relationships between mental models of attachment and adjustment to abortion in 408 women undergoing a 1st-trimester abortion at a large free-standing abortion clinic. As expected, mental models of attachment were related to postabortion distress and positive well-being. These relationships were mediated by feelings of self-efficacy for coping with abortion, perceived support from a woman's male partner, and perceived conflict from this same source. Model of self and model of others interacted only in predicting perceived conflict and positive well-being. Model of self was more strongly related to the mediator and outcome variables than was model of others. The effects of model of self, however, were largely a reflection of the overlap between model of self and self-esteem.     

Texture development in long lengths of NiFe tapes for superconducting coated conductor

A highly oriented cubic texture (full width at half maximum <10°) has been formed in long length NiFe tapes. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron back-scattered patterns (EBSP) and optical microscopy (OM) techniques have been used in assessing the surface and volume texture and also the surface morphology of these kilometer long NiFe substrates. This texture was formed under a range of conditions including dynamic annealing in a reduced atmosphere and static annealing in hydrogen and in vacuum. Heat treatment for excessive times in vacuum tends to roughen the surface and should be avoided. Mechanical polishing can induce an additional undesirable texture, but electropolishing gives smooth tapes with good texture.     

Inhomogeneity of rolling texture in fcc metals

The cold rolling of metal sheets and strips results in the formation of an inhomogeneous texture. The type and sharpness of texture in layers and the degree of inhomogeneity depend on the friction between rolls and the material and the geometry of the rolling gap. Contrary to the opinion of several authors, it is shown that the inhomogeneity of texture appears not only in the case of small values of thel/h ratio (l/h characterizes the geometry of the rolling gap) but also in the case of large values whenl/h > 5. In the first case shear texture forms in the intermediate layers of the rolled sheet while in the second, in its outer layers. The results of experiments carried out on aluminum, silver and 70/30 brass clearly show that the sensitivity of metals and alloys to the formation of an inhomogeneous texture is caused by their flow characteristics: yield strength (Y) and the work hardening exponent (m). High values ofY andm will tend to hinder the shear deformation, and consequently they will hinder the occurrence of inhomogeneity.