高温镁合金的成分、组织设计与制备加工技术进展

介绍了提高镁合金高温性能的主要途径及目前研究较多的Mg-Al系、Mg-Zn系和Mg-RE系合金,同时分析了正在开始研究的含Y、Sc、Gd等稀土的新型耐热镁合金;同时分析了耐热合金中的耐热相,耐热合金的加工制备工艺进展。     

钼-钴-硅混合粉末的机械合金化研究

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及透射电镜研究了配比为Mo5-xCoxSi3(x=0．5，l，2)的混合粉末的机械球磨行为。结果表明：随球磨时间延长，混合粉末中首先形成Co，Si在Mo中的过饱和固溶体Mo(Co，Si)，高能球磨大大扩展了硅和钴在钼中的固溶度。进一步延长球磨时间，过饱和固溶体转变成为非晶。在球磨过程中，Mo(Co，Si)的晶粒不断细化，球磨至40h，晶粒尺寸约为8nm。球磨初期，内应力急剧增加。随球磨时间延长，混合粉末的颗粒尺寸增大，40h后，逐渐减小，且形状球化，100h后成为尺寸不超过100nm的球形粉末。     

15Cr2Ni3MoW穿孔顶头的组织形态初探

研究了15Cr2Ni3MoW合金钢金相组织演变过程及其组织形态,明确了该钢的组织形态特点和适应穿孔顶头高性能要求所应有的组织结构模式及与使用性能之间的关系。15Cr2Ni3MoW合金钢生产的顶头具有均匀细小的贝氏体和少量马氏体的复合组织,其表面氧化膜应致密,与基体结合牢固,并以FeO为主要成分。改进顶头的生产工艺后,顶头组织改善,硬度提高,冲击功提高45%,使用寿命提高50%以上。     

Internal oxidation thermodynamics and microstructures of Ag-Y alloy

The thermodynamic data of pure Ag and Y were calculated. The phase constitution, composition of micro-region and microstructures of Ag-Y alloy after internal oxidation were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), energy dispersion spectrometry(EDS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that the internal oxidation behavior of Ag-Y alloy is feasible from the view of thermodynamics. The upper limit of oxygen partial pressure of Ag-Y alloy oxidation is a function of temperature. Two phases (Ag and Y2O3) appear in Ag-Y alloy after the internal oxidation. The surface of Ag-Y alloy is convex because of the volume expansion of oxide in the alloy and the composition of the convex part is Ag. In Ag-Y2O3 sintered bulk Y2O3 particles are distributed inhomogeneously and conglomerated seriously, but they are dispersed uniformly in the Ag matrix after severe plastic deformation.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的ZnO:Al薄膜的微观结构及光学、电学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZnO:Al(AZO)透明导电薄膜．通过X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计 (UV-Vis)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电阻测量装置,考察了Al掺杂量、退火温度及镀膜层数等工艺参数对薄膜的微观结构和光电性能的影响．结果表明,退火温度越高,多晶AZO薄膜的(001)晶面择优取向生长的趋势越强,并且随退火温度升高,薄膜的晶粒尺寸增大,透光率增加．薄膜晶体结构为纯ZnO的六角纤锌矿结构．在掺杂浓度1％(摩尔分数)、退火温度500℃及镀膜层数10的条件下,得到了电阻率为3．2×10-3Ω·cm、可见光区的平均透射率超过90％的AZO薄膜．     

Morphology, structure and formation mechanism of silicide coating by pack cementation process

The MoSi2 coating on C 103 niobium based alloy was prepared by pack cementation method. The formative mechanism, morphology and structure of coating were investigated. The silicide coating was formed by reactive diffusion obeying parabolic rule during pack cementation process. It is found that the composite structural coating is composed of three inferior layers as follows. The main layer is composed of MoSi2, the two phases＇ transitional layer consists of NbSi2 and a few NbsSi3 and the diffuse layer is composed of NbsSi3. The dense amorphous glass layer formed on the surface at high temperature oxidation circumstance can effectively prevent the diffusion of oxygen into coating.     

Mechanical alloying of Mo—Si—Fe powders

Mechanical milling behavior of Mo-Si-Fe powders was investigated u sing XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The mixtures of elemental molybdenum (>99%), s ilicon (>99%) and iron (>98%) powders with a stoichiometry of Mo5-xFe xSi3 (x=0.5, 1, 2) were milled in a planetary mill for up to 195 h. For all three powder mixt ures, high-energy milling of 60h led to formation of the Mo(Fe, Si) supers aturated solid solution (Moss); and to a remarkable expansion of the solub ility of Fe, Si in molybdenum. The transformation of Moss to an amorphous phase was identified after longer time milling. In the milling process, the grain size of Mo (Fe, Si) decreased gradually and the internal stress increased linearly. After 40 h milling, the grain size was reduced to about 11 nm. SEM analysis of milled powders showed that the particle size increased initially with milling time. After 195 h milling, particles exhibited a spherical morphology and the particle size were reduced to about 100 nm.     

热震作用对硬质合金力学性能的影响及其失效机理

研究热震作用对3540和3475硬质合金抗弯强度、断裂韧性以及硬度的影响.结果表明,硬质合金抗弯强度和断裂韧性随热震次数呈先升后降变化,硬度随热震次数增加略有下降.这是由于淬火抑制了fcc γ→hcp γ相变,粘结相的固溶强化,γ相平均自由程λγ增大以及热震热应力的共同作用的结果.3540和3475合金热震后断面的粗糙度降低,孔洞增多,沿晶断裂比例增加.热震后合金表面发生氧化,形成疏松的氧化层,3540合金抗氧化能力比3475合金高.同时,还观察到游离碳聚集区的碳元素发生扩散,留下大量孔洞,在WC/Co界面处形成大量小裂纹.     

微量Sc元素对AZ91镁合金组织性能的影响

本试验以AZ91镁合金为基,制备了含Sc的AZ91镁合金.研究了微量Sc对AZ91镁合金组织性能的影响.结果表明,Sc的加入,在AZ91中形成了Al3Sc新相;细化了AZ91合金的铸态组织,改变了第二相Mg17Al12的形貌;显著提高了材料的硬度、强度;抑制了材料的动态再结晶,且延缓了材料的时效硬化行为.     

Mo在水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能

综述了Mo在不同溶液中的电化学行为、电池作用腐蚀 行为，并从技术的角度总结了它在各种碱性溶液、酸性溶液、无机盐溶液以及海水中的耐蚀性能.最后对研究工作进行了展望.