山东济宁某医院门诊患者幽门螺杆菌感染检测分析

目的探讨分析山东济宁地区自然人群幽门螺杆菌的流行病学特征,为防治提供参考。方法于2012-05/2013-05采集山东济宁市第一人民医院胃镜室就诊患者580例,采用14C-UBT检测法与血清幽门螺杆菌Ig G抗体ELISA法对所有研究对象的幽门螺杆菌感染情况进行检测,并结合相关问卷调查,分析其流行病学特征。结果该医院门诊患者幽门螺杆菌总感染率45.2%,其中男性感染率59.5%,女性感染率40.5%,不同性别感染幽门螺杆菌感染阳性率差异比较无统计学意义(P0.05);各年龄段幽门螺杆菌的感染率从31.4%~53.1%不等,农民、商人及工人幽门螺杆菌感染率分别为78.6%、70.7%、68.8%,高于其他职业,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但各年龄段间幽门螺杆菌感染率的差异比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。幽门螺杆菌感染与吸烟、饮酒、家庭收入无关,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),与个人饮食卫生习惯、家庭教育程度及职业有关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论山东济宁市某医院门诊患者幽门螺杆菌总感染率较高,其感染率与职业、个人及家庭生活习惯等有关。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎免疫治疗药物托珠单抗的作用机制及安全性风险分析

目的分析托珠单抗的安全性风险,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对世界卫生组织药品不良反应监测数据库、我国药品不良反应监测数据库、国内文献数据库中的不良反应报告情况及国外药监机构风险控制措施等相关资料进行整理与分析。结果应重视托珠单抗临床使用中可能发生的肝功能异常、皮肤损害、过敏反应、胃肠道损害、感染、血液系统损害等不良反应。结论托珠单抗临床使用中,应加强对严重感染及肝功能损害等严重不良反应的安全性监测,促进药品的临床合理使用。     

Comparison Between Phenylephrine and Dopamine in Maintaining Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fluid is usually restricted during thoracic surgery, and vasoactive agents are often administered to maintain blood pressure. One-lung ventilation (OLV) decreases arterial oxygenation; thus oxygen delivery to the brain can be decreased. In this study, we compared phenylephrine and dopamine with respect to maintaining cerebral oxygenation during OLV in major thoracic surgery.Sixty-three patients undergoing lobectomies were randomly assigned to the dopamine (D) or phenylephrine (P) group. The patients’ mean arterial pressure was maintained within 20% of baseline by a continuous infusion of dopamine or phenylephrine. Maintenance fluid was kept at 5 mL/kg/h. The depth of anesthesia was maintained with desflurane 1MAC and remifentanil infusion under bispectral index guidance. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO₂) and hemodynamic variables were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy and esophageal cardiac Doppler.The rScO₂ was higher in the D group than the P group during OLV (OLV 60 min: 71 ± 6% vs 63 ± 12%; P = 0.03). The number of patients whose rScO₂ dropped more than 20% from baseline was 0 and 6 in the D and P groups, respectively (P = 0.02). The D group showed higher cardiac output, but lower mean arterial pressure than the P group (4.7 ± 1.0 vs 3.9 ± 1.2 L/min; 76.7 ± 8.1 vs 84.5 ± 7.5 mm Hg; P = 0.02, P = 0.02). Among the variables, age, hemoglobin concentration, and cardiac output were associated with rScO₂ by correlation analysis.Dopamine was superior to phenylephrine in maintaining cerebral oxygenation during OLV in thoracic surgery.     

Is Atrial Fibrillation a Risk Factor for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Occurrence?

Recent studies have reported an association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether AF is one of the risk factors for GERD occurrence.In this hospital-based, retrospective, case–control study, the patients were classified into 2 groups. The patients diagnosed with new AF were assigned to the AF group (n = 1612); those diagnosed without AF and GERD were assigned to the control group (n = 1612). The subjects in the control group were selected from outpatients of total healthcare center without a history of AF or GERD, and matched for age and gender. We evaluated the incidence of GERD and risk factors for GERD occurrence between the 2 groups.The number of patients experiencing occurrence of GERD during the follow-up period was significantly higher in the AF group than those in the control group, respectively (129 patients vs 98 subjects, P = 0.037). The incidence of GERD was significantly higher in the AF group than in the control group by Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test (P = 0.008). The AF group''s adjusted hazard ratio of GERD occurrence against that of the control group was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.57; P = 0.009) according to Cox''s proportional hazard model.The presence of AF appears to increase the incidence of GERD and may be considered a risk factor for the development of GERD. Further, large prospective and cohort studies will be required to better establish the correlation of GERD with AF.     

Genetic variations of HSD11B2 in hypertensive patients and in the general population, six rare missense/frameshift mutations.

Mutations in the gene encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, HSD11B2, cause a rare monogenic juvenile hypertensive syndrome called apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). In AME, defective HSD11B2 enzyme activity results in overstimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol, causing sodium retention, hypokalemia, and salt-dependent hypertension. Here, we have studied whether genetic variations in HDS11B2 are implicated in essential hypertension in Japanese hypertensives and the general population. By sequencing the entire coding region and the promoter region of HDS11B2 in 953 Japanese hypertensives, we identified five missense mutations in 11 patients (L14F, n = 5; R74H, n = 1; R147H, n = 3; T156I, n = 1; R335H, n = 1) and one novel frameshift mutation (4884Gdel, n = 1) in a heterozygous state, in addition to 19 genetic variations. All genetic variations identified were rare, with minor allele frequencies less than 0.005. Four of 12 patients with the missense/frameshift mutations showed renal failure. Four missense mutations, L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H, were successfully genotyped in the general population, with a sample size of 3,655 individuals (2,175 normotensives and 1,480 hypertensives). Mutations L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H were identified in hypertensives (n = 6, 8, 3, and 0, respectively) and normotensives (n = 8, 12, 5, and 0, respectively) with a similar frequency, suggesting that these missense mutations may not strongly affect the etiology of essential hypertension. Since the allele frequency of all of the genetic variations identified in this study was rare, an association study was not conducted. Taken together, our results indicate that missense mutations in HSD11B2 do not substantially contribute to essential hypertension in Japanese.