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Virginie Boy Wajdi Ben Khalifa Lucie Drvillon Yves Leme Thomas Lendormi Jean‐Louis Lanoisell 《加拿大化工杂志》2021,99(1):120-134
An original drying process combining air impingement and intermittent drying was studied on apple slices and mango cubes. The influence of four operating parameters (air velocity, drying/tempering periods, upper height, and air temperature) on the drying time and on the drying rate was evaluated. Continuous and intermittent drying were compared. The intermittency α = 1/7 (τon = 10 seconds and τoff = 60 seconds) gave the best results. A time savings of 54% for apple and 67% for mango was reached. In continuous drying, a time savings of 4620 seconds was observed by increasing the air velocity from 6 to 40 m s?1 for apple. Air temperatures of 328 K for apple and of 328 K or 338 K for mango were determined as optimum to prevent case‐hardening. Experimental results were fitted with the analytical solution of Fick's second law and the modified Page equation (average values R2 = 0.985 and 0.961, for apple and mango, respectively). For both products, the apparent moisture diffusivity Dapp, the drying constant k, the drying coefficient n, and the activation energy Ea, were identified. Activation energies calculated from the analytical solution were 30.3 and 36.8 kJ mol?1 and were 25.4 and 30.0 kJ mol?1 using the modified Page equation for apple and mango, respectively. Mango has an increased temperature sensitivity and thus will need less energy for drying than apple. 相似文献
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The suspension system is a key element in motor vehicles. Advancements in electronics and micropro- cessor technology have led to the realization of mechatronic suspensions. Since its introduction in some production motorcars in the 1980s, it has remained an area which sees active research and development, and this will likely continue for many years to come. With the aim of identifying current trends and future focus areas, this paper presents a review on the state-of-the-art of mechatronic suspensions. First, some commonly used classifications of mechatronic suspensions are presented. This is followed by a discussion on some of the actuating mechanisms used to provide control action. A survey is then reported on the many types of control approaches, including look-ahead preview, predictive, fuzzy logic, proportional-integral-derivative (PID), optimal, robust, adaptive, robust adaptive, and switching control. In conclusion, hydraulic actuators are most commonly used, but they impose high power requirements, limiting practical realizations of active suspensions. Electromagnetic actuators are seen to hold the promise of lower power requirements, and rigorous research and development should be conducted to make them commercially usable. Current focus on control methods that are robust to suspension parameter variations also seems to produce limited performance improvements, and future control approaches should be adaptive to the changeable driving conditions. 相似文献
4.
Ghezaiel Wajdi Ben Slimane Amel Ben Braiek Ezzedine 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2017,76(20):20973-20988
Multimedia Tools and Applications - A multi-scale analysis method, called Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), has been proposed for analysis of nonlinear and non stationary data. The empirical mode... 相似文献
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Faten Nasri Manel Zouari Mohamed Kharrat Maher Dammak Florence Vacandio Marielle Eyraud 《Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals》2018,71(8):1827-1840
Zn and Zn–Ni alloy coatings were electrodeposited on mild steel from sulfate-based bath containing Sn as additive. The effect of Ni content on the microstructure, morphology, microhardness and the tribological behavior of these coatings were studied and discussed. Adding Sn in the sulfate bath had a significant effect on the surface morphology, particularly on the Zn–8 wt% Ni coatings. By increasing the Ni concentration from 8 to 14 wt%, the X-ray patterns showed that the phase structure of Zn–Ni alloy coatings was changed from η-phase Ni3Zn22 to γ-phase Ni5Zn21. The plastic deformation and delamination were found to be wear mechanisms for the investigated coatings. While the Zn–14 wt% Ni alloys had the best wear resistance, Zn films had the most severe wear volume loss and the highest friction coefficient. 相似文献
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Turkey liver: Physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of protein fractions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nacim Zouari Nahed FakhfakhWafa Ben Amara-Dali Mohamed SellamiLotfi Msaddak M.A. Ayadi 《Food and Bioproducts Processing》2011,89(2):142-148
Turkey liver is an important edible meat by-product. However, it is generally unprocessed, underutilized and low-priced compared to mammalian livers. The present investigation was conducted to provide information on physicochemical composition and functional characteristics of turkey liver. Proximate composition (%) was: moisture (72.3 ± 1.2), protein (21.9 ± 0.6), fat (2.9 ± 1.6), carbohydrate (1.4 ± 0.7), and total ash (1.5 ± 0.1). Cholesterol, glycogen and total heme pigments (g/kg) in the turkey liver were 2.05 ± 0.06, 5.36 ± 0.01 and 2.3 ± 0.08, respectively. Contents in saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (%) were 42.5, 14.6 and 32.6 respectively. Interestingly, turkey liver fat also contains 5% of camphor (oxygenated monoterpene). Mineral concentrations (mg/kg) in liver were: Na (817 ± 14), K (1390 ± 90), Ca (31.4 ± 0.3), Mg (23 ± 0.4), Fe (161 ± 5), Zn (40 ± 2) and Cu (34 ± 2). Liver proteins extracted at 5 or 10 g/l NaCl showed the highest foaming capacity (P < 0.05). Addition of xanthan (1-3 g/l) to liver proteins improved both foam formation and its stability (P < 0.05). Turkey liver also showed interesting emulsifying properties. The emulsion stability of liver proteins was more pronounced at high NaCl concentration (20 g/l). The highest emulsion stability was obtained at acidic or basic pH values (P < 0.05) and decreased at pH 6. 相似文献
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S. Zouari M. Maatar T. Fakhfakh M. Haddar 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2010,10(6):531-539
The objective of this study was to follow the crack propagation in the tooth foot of a spur gear by using Linear Elastic Fracture
Mechanics (LEFM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The tooth foot crack propagation is a function of Stress Intensity Factors
(SIF) that play a very crucial role in the life span of the gear. A two-dimensional quasi-static analysis is carried out using
a program that determines the gear geometry, coupled with the Finite Element Code (ANSYS). The study estimates the stress
intensity factors and monitors their variations on the tooth foot according to crack depth, crack propagation angle, and the
crack position. An appropriate methodology for predicting the crack propagation path is applied by considering gear tooth
behavior in bending fatigue. The results are used to predict/prevent catastrophic rim fracture failure modes from occurring
in critical components. 相似文献
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Abdelaziz Zouari Abdessalem Trabelsi Adel Ben Arab 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2008,92(3):313-322
A simple analytical model has been developed to simulate the performance of solar cells with polysilicon contact on the front surface. The polysilicon layer with a columnar grain structure is modeled by an effective recombination velocity using a two-dimensional transport equation. A one-dimensional transport equation in the single-crystal emitter is solved, taking into account bulk recombination and non-uniformly doped emitter. Then, simple analytical expressions for the emitter reverse saturation current and light-generated current densities are obtained. The collection of the light-generated carriers in polysilicon layer has been discussed and an analytical solution of the light-generated current is derived. The results show that the polysilicon layer can result in a decrease in emitter reverse saturation current density and an increase in solar cell photovoltaic parameters. In fact, the emitter region should not be treated as a ‘dead layer’ because thin polysilicon layer front surface contact gives an improvement of about 60 mV for the open-circuit voltage, 3.6 mA/cm2 for the photocurrent, and 3.9% for the cell efficiency. 相似文献
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Acoustic emission characterization of damage in short hemp‐fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites
Mustapha Assarar Daniel Scida Wajdi Zouari El Hadi Saidane Rezak Ayad 《Polymer Composites》2016,37(4):1101-1112
This article aims at investigating the effects of hygrothermal aging on the damage mechanisms of short white Hemp Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene (HFRP) composites with various fiber contents (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%). Injected molded specimens were subjected to hygrothermal aging with a relative humidity of 80% and two temperatures, 25 and 50°C. The water absorption and its effect on tensile properties of HFRP composites were investigated. The Acoustic Emission (AE) technique combined with scanning electron microscopy observations was used to identify microstructural damage events leading to overall failure of the HFRP composites. This identification according to hemp‐fiber content and hygrothermal aging was made with an unsupervised method based on a statistical multi‐variable analysis (k‐means algorithm). The AE results indicate that the quality of fiber‐matrix interface plays a major role in the damage process of HFRP composites, shown by the number of AE signals induced by the interface failure and their amplitude ranges. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1101–1112, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
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The aim of this work is to study the influence of weave structure on the crack growth behavior of thick E-glass/polyester woven fabric composites laminates. Two different types of laminates were fabricated: (i) balanced: plain weave (taffetas T)/chopped strand mat weave (M) [T/M]6 and (ii) unbalanced: 4-hardness satin weave (S)/chopped strand mat weave [S/M]7. In order to accurately predict damage criticality in such structures, mixed mode fracture toughness data is required. So, the experiments were conducted using standards delamination tests under mixed mode loading and pure mode loading. These tests were carried out in mode II using End Load Split (ELS) tests and in mixed-mode I+II by Mixed Mode Flexure (MMF) tests under static conditions. The test methodology used for the experiments will be presented. The experimental results have been expressed in terms of total strain energy release rate and R-curves. The fracture toughness results show that the T/M interface is more resistant to delamination than the S/M interface. 相似文献