Substrate temperature-controlled precursor reaction mechanism of PEALD-deposited MoOx thin films

Journal of Materials Science - Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) films had been grown by using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) with Mo(CO)6 precursor and O2 plasma reactant in a substrate...     

Simultaneous recrystallization, phosphorous diffusion and antireflection coating of silicon films using laser treatment

Laser technique application to polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cell fabrication on glass substrates has received appreciable attention. In this paper, a laser-doping technique is developed for plasma-deposited amorphous silicon film. A process involving recrystallization, phosphorous diffusion and antireflection coating can be achieved simultaneously using the laser annealing process. The doping precursor, a phosphorous-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) solution, is synthesized using a sol-gel method and spin-coated onto the sample. After laser irradiation, the polycrystalline silicon grain size was about 0.5∼1.0 μm with a carrier concentration of 2 × 10¹⁹ cm^− 3 and electron mobility of 92.6 cm²/V s. The average polycrystalline silicon reflectance can be reduced to a value of 4.65% at wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm, indicating the upper TiO₂ film of antireflection coating.     

Fabrication and characteristics of n-Si/c-Si/p-Si heterojunction solar cells using hot-wire CVD

A double-side (bifacial) heterojunction (HJ) Si solar cell was fabricated using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. The properties of n-type, intrinsic and p-type Si films were investigated. In these devices, the doped microcrystalline Si layers (n-type Si for emitter and p-type Si for back contact) are combined with and without a thin intrinsic amorphous Si buffer layer. The maximum temperature during the whole fabrication process was kept below 150 °C. The influence of hydrogen pre-treatment and n-Si emitter thickness on performance of solar cells have been studied. The best bifacial Si HJ solar cell (1 cm² sample) with an intrinsic layer yielded an active area conversion efficiency of 16.4% with an open circuit voltage of 0.645 V, short circuit current of 34.8 mA/cm² and fill factor of 0.73.     

Tungsten filament effect on electronic properties of hot-wire CVD silicon films for heterojunction solar cell application

In this study, we describe the correlation between cell efficiency and wire aging during hot-wire chemical vapor deposition in detail. The new and aged tungsten (W) filaments were used to deposit the n-type microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) films for heterojunction (HJ) Si solar cell applications. Tungsten silicide (WSi_x) was coated on the W catalyzer surface (center and end regions) after each deposition, and which was investigated and determined by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. The wire age has an effect on the resulting electronic properties of the grown film, thought to be related to differences in dark conductivity with aged versus new wires. It was found that the aging process is related to the formation of a silicide at the surface. A limited amount of silicon was observed in the bulk of catalyzer, suggesting that silicon diffusion into the wire has occurred. The original single-side HJ solar cell with efficiency of 15.3% has been fabricated using the new wires. The quality of n-type μc-Si films and efficiency of HJ solar cells were reduced when the aged W filament was employed. The quality of silicon films and the efficiency of HJ solar cell could be improved after regeneration process.     

玉米淀粉-脂质复合物对曲奇饼干体外消化和血糖生成指数的影响

目的 探究玉米淀粉-脂质复合物的结构和消化特性以及对曲奇饼干的体外消化特性与血糖生成指数的影响。方法 利用水热法制备了制备不同脂质(包括饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸)与玉米直链淀粉的复合物, 通过傅里叶红外光谱仪(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR)与X-射线衍射(X-ray diffractometer, XRD)探究了淀粉分子短程和长程有序性。结果 研究表明, 淀粉-脂质复合物的形成使快消化淀粉含量显著降低, 慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉含量显著增加。水热法制备中通过疏水相互作用得到的淀粉-脂质复合物利用氢键链接使其结构更加稳定, 体外消化速率呈降低趋势。其中玉米淀粉-卵磷脂复合物、玉米淀粉-硬脂酸复合物与玉米淀粉-肉豆蔻酸复合物为 V+B 型晶体结构, 玉米淀粉-大豆油复合物与玉米淀粉-玉米油复合物的晶型结构未发生改变。在五种淀粉-脂质复合物中, 玉米淀粉-卵磷脂复合物的水解率最低, 水解指数预估血糖指数分别为44.65%、64.22%, 所对应的曲奇饼干的水解指数与预估血糖指数也最低, 分别为51.68%、68.08%。结论 表明玉米淀粉-卵磷脂复合物适合作为新型淀粉-脂质复合物用于开发具有低血糖指数的饼干食品。     

Hot-wire CVD deposited n-type μc-Si films for μc-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cell applications

Phosphorous-doped microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) films were prepared using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). Structural, electrical and optical properties of these thin films were systematically studied as a function of PH₃ gas mixture ratio. We report recent results for p-type crystalline silicon-based heterojunction (HJ) solar cells using the HWCVD n-μc-Si film to form an n-p junction. The surface morphology of the crystalline Si substrate after hydrogen treatment was examined using atomic force microscopy. A transfer length method was used to modify the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) deposition parameters in order to reduce front ITO/n-μc-Si contact resistance. In our best solar cell sample (1 cm²) without any buffer layer, the conversion efficiency of 15.1% has been achieved with an open circuit voltage of 0.615 V, fill factor of 0.71 and short circuit current density of 34.6 mA/cm² under 100 mW/cm² condition. The spectral response of this cell will also be discussed.     

12度棕榈油超声强化结晶分提工艺研究

为改良棕榈油干法分提工艺,以24度棕榈油为原料,开展12度棕榈油超声强化结晶分提工艺研究。采用三因素三水平正交试验,考察不同油样温度、超声功率、超声时间下,超声处理对棕榈油脂晶成长初期的平均粒径、液油产率和主要理化指标(熔点、碘价、酸值、过氧化值)的影响。结果表明:在棕榈油分提过程的关键结晶点施加超声波对棕榈油结晶行为有显著影响,超声波功率越强,导致脂晶成长初期的平均粒径越小,液油产率越高。在优化的超声处理条件下,超声强化结晶工艺能实现良好的固液分离,液油产率比对照组提高45.06%。对分提的各液油产品的熔点、碘价、酸值、过氧化值等理化指标进行了检测,发现超声组液油产品的酸价比对照组略高,其他指标没有明显差别,且以上指标均符合企业品控标准。     

纤维对冰湖野米粉理化和消化特性的影响

目的 探究冰湖野米中内源纤维对冰湖野米粉的理化、功能和消化特性的影响。方法 以3种不同级的冰湖野米(长粒、中粒和短粒)和早籼米(对照)为原料, 将其研磨后过100目筛制备原米粉, 再采用焦亚硫酸钠法去除纤维制备去纤维米粉。利用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察内源纤维对冰湖野米粉颗粒形貌的影响; 采用Brabender粘度仪测定内源纤维对冰湖野米粉的粘度特性的影响; 利用X射线衍射分析内源纤维对冰湖野米粉结晶特性的影响; 采用Englyst体外消化法评价内源纤维对冰湖野米粉消化性的影响。结果 不同颗粒长度的冰湖野米粉的形貌特征、结晶结构和粘度特性均无太大差异, 中粒冰湖野米粉慢消化淀粉含量最高, 短粒冰湖野米粉抗性淀粉含量最高。与早籼米相比, 冰湖野米粉起糊温度升高, 峰值粘度降低, 膨胀度降低, 快消化淀粉含量降低, 抗性淀粉含量升高。与原冰湖野米粉相比, 去除纤维后, 样品结晶度升高, 起糊温度降低, 峰值粘度升高, 膨胀度升高, 快消化淀粉含量升高, 抗性淀粉含量降低。结论 冰湖野米粉中内源纤维对冰湖野米粉粘度特性、结晶结构及消化性有显著的影响, 内源纤维的物理包埋以及与淀粉之间的相互作用, 会共同抑制淀粉颗粒的膨胀和糊化, 降低淀粉的消化酶解速率。     

Rapid thermal melted TiO2 nano-particles into ZnO nano-rod and its application for dye sensitized solar cells

TiO₂ nano-particles with an anchored ZnO nano-rod structure were synthesized using the hydrothermal method to grow ZnO nano-rods and coated TiO₂ nano-particles on ZnO nano-rods using the rapid thermal annealing method on ITO conducting glass pre-coated with nano porous TiO₂ film. The XRD study showed that there was little difference in crystal composition for various types of TiO₂ nano-particles anchored to ZnO nano-rods. The as-prepared architecture was characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Films with TiO₂ nano-particles anchored to ZnO nano-rods were used as electrode materials to fabricate dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The best solar energy conversion efficiency of 2.397% was obtained by modified electrode material, under AM 1.5 illumination, achieved up to J_sc = 15.382 mA/cm², V_oc = 0.479 V and fill factor = 32.8%.     

Effects of RF power and pressure on performance of HF-PECVD silicon thin-film solar cells

High-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HF-PECVD) is a widely applicable method of deposition over a large area at a high rate for fabricating silicon thin-film solar cells. This investigation presents the properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films and the preparation of highly-efficient p-i-n solar cells using an RF (27.1 MHz) excitation frequency. The influence of the power (10-40 W) and pressure (20-50 Pa) used during the deposition of absorber layers in p-i-n solar cells on the properties and mechanism of growth of the a-Si:H thin films and the solar cells is studied. The a-Si:H thin films prepared under various deposition conditions have widely varying deposition rates, optical-electronic properties and microstructures. When the deposition parameters were optimized, amorphous silicon-based thin-film silicon solar cells with efficiency of 7.6% were fabricated by HF-PECVD. These results are very encouraging for the future fabrication of highly-efficient thin-film solar cells by HF-PECVD.