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1.
Experimental studies on phase equilibria in the multicomponent system PbO-ZnO-CaO-SiO2-FeO-Fe2O3 in air have been conducted to characterize the phase relations of a complex slag system used in commercial lead oxidation
smelting. The liquidus in the pseudo-ternary section ZnO-“Fe2O3”-(PbO + CaO + SiO2) with the CaO/SiO2 weight ratio of 0.35 and the PbO/(CaO + SiO2) weight ratio of 5.0 has been constructed using results of over 100 high-temperature equilibration and quenching experiments
followed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The liquidus in this pseudoternary section contains primary phase fields of
spinel (zinc ferrite) Zn
x
Fe3−x
O4+y
, zincite Zn
u
Fe1−u
O, melilite Pb
v
Ca2−v
Zn
w
Fe1−w
Si2O7, hematite Fe2O3, magneto-plumbite PbFe10O16, and dicalcium silicate Ca2−t
Pb
t
SiO4. The laboratory results are compared with the slags obtained from an industrial reactor. 相似文献
2.
We investigated intrinsic noise in plasmonic sensors caused by adsorption and desorption of gaseous analytes on the sensor
surface. We analyzed a general situation when there is a larger number of different analyte species. We applied our model
to calculate various analyte mixtures, including some environmental pollutants, toxic and dangerous substances. The spectral
density of mean square refractive index fluctuations follows a dependence similar to that of generation-recombination noise
in photodetectors, flat at lower frequencies and sharply decreasing at higher. Some of the calculated noise levels are well
within the detection range of conventional surface plasmon resonance sensors. An AD noise peak is observed in temperature
dependence of mean square refractive index fluctuations, thus sensor operating temperature may be optimized to obtain larger
signal to noise ratio. A significant property of AD noise is its rise with the decreasing plasmon sensor area, which means
that it will be even more pronounced in modern nanoplasmonic devices. Our consideration is valid both for conventional surface
plasmon resonance devices and for general nanoplasmonic devices. 相似文献
3.
Ata Fallah-Mehrjardi Peter C. Hayes Evgueni Jak 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2013,44(6):1337-1351
Freeze-lining technologies have been employed to protect the cooling walls of reactors from chemically aggressive molten reactants. To date, the designs of freeze linings for pyrometallurgical reactors have been based on the basic assumption that the interface between the deposit and the bath remains at the liquidus temperature of the bulk liquid. There is, however, increasing evidence that interface temperature between stagnant deposit and bath is less than the liquidus of the bulk liquid. A previous study also demonstrated that the effects of bath chemistry need to be taken into account in freeze-lining designs. To investigate the fundamental processes involved in the formation and stability of the deposit, experimental laboratory studies have been undertaken in the Cu-Fe-Si-Al-O slag system in equilibrium with metallic copper using an air-cooled probe technique. In the current study, the effects of bath agitation on the microstructure, morphologies of the phases, and formation of various layers across the freeze-lining deposit were studied at steady-state conditions. It appears that the changes in the fluid flow pattern through changes in shear intensities result in corresponding changes in the deposit microstructure, formation of the sealing primary phase layer, thus influencing the interface temperature between freeze-lining deposit and the liquid bath. 相似文献
4.
Phase equilibria of the binary PbO-ZnO and ternary PbO-ZnO-SiO2 systems have been experimentally investigated at 1033–1898?K (760–1625?°C) for oxide liquid in equilibrium with air and solid oxide phases: tridymite or cristobalite (SiO2), willemite (Zn2SiO4), zincite (ZnO), larsenite (PbZnSiO4) and lead-zinc melilite (Pb2ZnSi2O7) covering the ranges of concentrations not studied before. High-temperature equilibration on primary phase or inert metal (platinum) substrates, followed by quenching and direct measurement of the Pb, Zn and Si concentrations in the phases with the electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) has been used. Liquidus phase equilibrium data is essential for the development of the thermodynamic model. 相似文献
5.
6.
Taufiq Hidayat Peter C. Hayes Evgueni Jak 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2012,43(1):14-26
Ferrous calcium silicate slags, whose principal components are “FeO
x
”-CaO-SiO2, are widely used in copper smelting and converting operations. In the current study, high-temperature equilibration and rapid
quenching techniques were used to study the phase equilibria of the ferrous calcium silicate slags. The compositions of phases
in the slags were measured accurately using electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The phase equilibria of the system
have been characterized at oxygen partial pressures between 10−5 atm and 10−7 atm at selected temperatures between 1473 K and 1623 K (1200 °C and 1350 °C). The effects of oxygen partial pressure and temperature
on the compositions of phases in the slags are presented. 相似文献
7.
Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz Milko E. van der Boom Yehoshoa Ben-David David Milstein 《Israel journal of chemistry》2001,41(3):163-172
The reaction of the PCP-type complex Pd(Me){2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2C6H3}( 3 ) with phenyl iodide results in the formation of Pd(I){2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2C6H3} ( 5 ), methyl iodide, toluene, and biphenyl. Formation of Pd(Ph){2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2C6H3}( 4 ) is observed during the reaction by 31P NMR. Reaction of 4 with aryl iodides results in the formation of 5 and Ph–Ph, Ph–Ar, and Ar–Ar, products indicative of a radical reaction. Under pseudo-first-order conditions, the rates of the reactions follow the order p-OMe > p-Me > H > p-NO2 > m-Cl. The reaction is likely to involve electron transfer from 4 to the aryl iodide followed by fast decomposition of a postulated radical cation [Pd(Ph){2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2C6H3}]+. ( 4 +.) to give a phenyl radical and [Pd{2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2C6H3}]+ ( 6 +). Facile decomposition of the aryl iodide radical anion generates an aryl radical and I−. Recombination of aryl radicals gives rise to mixed biaryls, and 6 + combines with I− to give 5 . 相似文献
8.
Liu Jingjing Fallah-Mehrjardi Ata Shishin Denis Jak Evgueni Dorreen Mark Taylor Mark 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2017,48(6):3185-3195
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - In an aluminum electrolysis cell, the side ledge forms on side walls to protect it from the corrosive cryolitic bath. In this study, a series of... 相似文献
9.
An equation has been derived which relates the current efficiency of chlorate production to the operational parameters of the process and the constants connected with the events in the diffusion layer of the anode. The latter have been estimated using available literature data and the equation has been tested for the temperature dependence of current efficiency by comparison with experimental results. A fair degree of agreement has been achieved.Partly presented at the XXth CITCE Meeting, Strasbourg 1969. 相似文献
10.
Evgueni Jak Peter C. Hayes Sergei Degterov Arthur D. Peiton 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2001,32(5):793-800
Experimental and thermodynamic modeling studies have been carried out on the Zn-Fe-Si-O system. This research is part of a
wider program to characterize zinc/lead industrial slags and sinters in the PbO-ZnO-SiO2-CaO-FeO-Fe2O3 system. Experimental investigations involve high-temperature equilibration and quenching techniques followed by electron
probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). Liquidus temperatures and solid solubilities of the crystalline phases were measured in
the temperature range from 1200 °C to 1450 °C (1473 to 1723 K) in the zinc ferrite, zincite, willemite, and tridymite primary-phase
fields in the Zn-Fe-Si-O system in air. These equilibrium data for the Zn-Fe-Si-O system in air, combined with previously
reported data for this system, were used to obtain an optimized self-consistent set of parameters of thermodynamic models
for all phases. 相似文献