Multimedia Tools and Applications - Rapid advancement in technology has led to the use of biometric authentication in every field. In particular, from the past few years, iris recognition systems... 相似文献
Building useful systems with an ability to understand "real" natural language input has long been an elusive goal for Artificial Intelligence. Well-known problems such as ambiguity, indirectness, and incompleteness of natural language inputs have thwarted efforts to build natural language interfaces to intelligent systems. In this article, we report on our work on a model of understanding natural language design specifications of physical devices such as simple electrical circuits. Our system, called KA, solves the classical problems of ambiguity, incompleteness and indirectness by exploiting the knowledge and problem-solving processes in the situation of designing simple physical devices. In addition, KA acquires its knowledge structures (apart from a basic ontology of devices) from the results of its problem-solving processes. Thus, KA can be bootstrapped to understand design specifications and user feedback about new devices using the knowledge structures it acquired from similar devices designed previously.In this paper, we report on three investigations in the KA project. Our first investigation demonstrates that KA can resolve ambiguities in design specifications as well as infer unarticulated requirements using the ontology, the knowledge structures, and the problem-solving processes provided by its design situation. The second investigation shows that KA's problem-solving capabilities help ascertain the relevance of indirect design specifications, and identify unspecified relations between detailed requirements. The third investigation demonstrates the extensibility of KA's theory of natural language understanding by showing that KA can interpret user feedback as well as design requirements. Our results demonstrate that situating language understanding in problem solving, such as device design in KA, provides effective solutions to unresolved problems in natural language processing. 相似文献
Reports of failure of existing concrete structures due to a lack of durability, rather than a deficiency in structural strength, has made concrete technologists, engineers, and researchers focus research on the parameters influencing durability performance with respect to time. Systematic performance monitoring, with respect to chosen durability parameters of existing concrete structures, will decide the direction of future research in this area. Inferences based on laboratory simulations and testing need to be confirmed by in situ field measurements and studies. In situ condition rating and performance monitoring surveys have been conducted by many researchers, scientists, and professional associations, and reported in literature. Inferences of few such studies are summarized and discussed. Deterioration of concrete structures constructed in recent times is observed at relatively faster rates, and has been mainly attributed to cracking. Cracking is associated with the use of faster-hydrating portland cements with increased fineness and the tricalcium silicate (C3S) content to support the high speed of modern construction. In the present research, a case study of deteriorated water tank structures situated in the semitropical region of India is presented. Some selected parameters—such as concrete cover, carbonation depth, chloride concentration, compressive strength, etc. which influence long term durability of structures—have been measured. 相似文献
The coevolution of genomics and proteomics has led to advancements in the field of diagnosis and molecular mechanisms of disease. Proteomics is now stepping into the field of obstetrics, where early diagnosis of pregnancy complication such as preeclampsia (PE) is imperative. PE is a multifactorial disease characterized by hypertension with proteinuria, which is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality occurring in 5-7% of pregnancies worldwide. This review discusses the probable molecular mechanisms that lead to PE and summarizes the proteomics research carried out in understanding the pathogenicity of PE, and for identifying the candidate biomarker for diagnosis of the disease. 相似文献
In this study postbuckling behaviors of multiscale composite sandwich doubly curved piezoelectric shell with a flexible core and MR layers by employing Homotopy Perturbation Method in hygrothermal environment has been investigated. By using Reddy third shear deformable theory the face sheets and third-order polynomial theory of the flexible core the strains and stresses are obtained. A mathematical model for the multiscale composite layered shell with a flexible core and magnetorheological layer (MR) that incorporates the nonlinearity of the in-plane and the vertical displacements of the core is assumed. Three-phase composite shells with polymer/Carbon nanotube/fiber and polymer/Graphene platelet/fiber either uniformly or non-uniformly based on different patterns according to Halpin–Tsai model have been considered. The governing equations of multiscale shell have been derived by implementing Hamilton’s principle. Meanwhile, simply supported boundary conditions are employed to the shell. For investigating correctness and accuracy, this paper is validated by other previous researches. Finally, different parameters such as temperature rise, various distribution patterns, magnetic fields and curvature ratio are considered in this article. It is found these parameters have significant effect on the frequency–amplitude curves.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been carried out to simulate a turbulent, bubble plume in a liquid pool. A two-fluid enhanced k-? model has been used, with the extra source terms introduced to account for the interaction between the bubbles and the liquid and transient calculations have been performed to study the plume growth, the acceleration of the liquid due to viscous drag, and the approach to steady-state conditions. In order to obtain correct spreading of the plume observed experimentally, it was observed that interfacial forces like lift and turbulent dispersion plays important role. The sensitivity analysis for drag coefficient and two different turbulent dispersion forces is presented. The development of the flow variables has been compared with the experimental data. From the CFD predictions obtained in the present work, it can be concluded that a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric assumption in this case is justified, with 2D model predictions in good agreement with the experimental data and those of a three-dimensional (3D) model, except for the shear stresses and turbulent kinetic energy. In general, quantitative comparison with the experimental data has revealed that, by applying proper models of inter-phase momentum transfer, and performing simulations based on the two-fluid model, satisfactory predictions of mean flow quantities can be obtained for this application away from the injector. 相似文献
The univariant element, Q1P0, and the multivariant elements, QP0 and R P0, are compared for the numerical simulation of the flow in extrusion dies. The pressure distribution obtained by using the Q1P0 element was found to be afflicted with the checkerboard pressure mode. On the other hand, the multivariant elements, QP0 and RP0, gave accurate and physically reasonable velocity and pressure distributions. The computed values of the pressure drop across extrusion dies matched well with the pressure drop determined experimentally. 相似文献