高耸高层钢结构焊缝疲劳劣化机理与寿命预测研究评析

高耸高层钢结构焊缝在风和地震作用下的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展是一种危及结构安全甚至引起结构倒塌的钢结构重要破坏形式,已经引起国际土木工程领域的关心和重视.高耸高层钢结构焊缝多轴高周弹性应力疲劳和多轴低周塑性应变疲劳劣化机理和寿命预测的研究现状是:1)焊缝应力和应变演化过程分析;2)焊缝疲劳损伤表征;3)焊缝疲劳寿命预测与设计方法.在此基础上指出未来的主要研究方向,包括:1)焊缝多尺度应力和应变状态模拟方法;2)焊接残余应力场的产生机理、分布模式和松弛规律;3)焊缝等效疲劳损伤参量的数力学表征;4)焊缝疲劳劣化机理;5)焊缝疲劳寿命预测方法.研究结果可为高耸高层钢结构焊缝疲劳劣化机理与寿命预测研究提供参考.     

Estimating extreme temperature differences in steel box girder using long-term measurement data

The extreme temperature differences in fiat steel box girder of a cable-stayed bridge were studied.Firstly,by using the long-term measurement data collected by the structural health monitoring system installed on the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge,the daily variations as well as seasonal ones of measured temperature differences in the box girder cross-section area were summarized.The probability distribution models of temperature differences were further established and the extreme temperature differences were estimated with a return period of 100 years.Finally,the temperature difference models in cross-section area were proposed for bridge thermal design.The results show that horizontal temperature differences in top plate and vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are considerable.All the positive and negative temperature differences can be described by the weighted sum of two Weibull distributions.The maximum positive and negative horizontal temperature differences in top plate are 10.30 ℃ and -13.80 ℃,respectively.And the maximum positive and negative vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are 17.30 ℃ and-3.70 ℃,respectively.For bridge thermal design,there are two vertical temperature difference models between top plate and bottom plate,and six horizontal temperature difference models in top plate.     

Damage alarming for bridge expansion joints using novelty detection technique based on long-term monitoring data

Damage alarming and safety evaluation using long-term monitoring data is an area of significant research activity for long-span bridges. In order to extend the research in this field, the damage alarming technique for bridge expansion joints based on long-term monitoring data was developed. The effects of environmental factors on the expansion joint displacement were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were obtained to describe the correlation between displacements and the dominant environmental factors. The damage alarming index was defined based on the multiple regression models. At last, the X-bar control chart was utilized to detect the abnormal change of the displacements. Analysis results reveal that temperature and traffic condition are the dominant environmental factors to influence the displacement. When the confidence level of X-bar control chart is set to be 0.003, the false-positive indications of damage can be avoided. The damage sensitivity analysis shows that the proper X-bar control chart can detect 0.1 cm damage-induced change of the expansion joint displacement. It is reasonably believed that the proposed technique is robust against false-positive indication of damage and suitable to alarm the possible future damage of the expansion joints.     

动载测试与小波分析在桥梁结构损伤诊断中的联合应用

将结构动载测试与小波分析相结合提出了适用于大跨桥梁结构的两阶段损伤诊断方法。采集桥梁结构在损伤前后各测点的动载测试数据并进行小波包分解得到小波包能量谱，在此基础上计算结构损伤预警指标和损伤定位指标，用以确定损伤的发生及其所在的区域。某三跨连续梁桥的数值模拟研究结果表明了本文所采用的损伤诊断方法的可行性与有效性。     

大跨斜拉桥扁平钢箱梁的多尺度损伤分析研究

以润扬大桥斜拉桥为分析对象,提出了扁平钢箱梁结构的多尺度损伤分析方法。采用子结构方法将钢箱梁结构全尺度动力响应和细节尺度构件损伤相互衔接实现多尺度损伤分析。在此基础上对模态曲率、模态应变能、模态柔度和斜拉索索力指标的损伤识别效果进行了比较研究。分析结果表明:(1)无噪声情况下,除了模态柔度指标不能够正确识别钢箱梁腹板损伤以外,各损伤指标均能正确识别其余所有损伤工况。(2)对大多数情况,柔度指标的抗噪性最好,曲率指标和应变能指标次之,索力指标最差;(3)应变能指标和柔度指标在钢箱梁结构损伤定位上具有一定的互补性。     

基于模式搜索算法的大跨机库柱间消能支撑参数优化研究

大跨维修机库动力特性复杂,针对该类结构的减震研究则刚刚起步。本文结合大跨机库的地震响应特点,采用布置柱间消能支撑来进行机库结构地震响应的被动控制。结合减震结构优化模型特点与主要优化算法的数学原理,选取模式搜索算法作为结构减震装置参数优化分析工具,通过目标函数程序的编制实现了模式搜索算法在结构被动控制系统参数优化分析中的应用。最后针对机库基底剪力设置了适应度函数,进行了机库结构柱间耗能支撑阻尼系数的优化分析,并给出了机库减震效果随减震装置参数的变化规律。分析表明,模式搜索算法以及相应的优化程序可以有效地实现机库结构减震参数优化分析。     

环境条件影响下悬索桥模态频率变异性的定量评价

本文基于长期监测数据,研究了由环境温度、风、交通荷载和识别算法所引起的悬索桥模态频率识别的变异性。首先,采用多样本平均方法建立了温度-频率的季节相关性,减小了频率由识别算法导致的随机误差。其次,将模态频率归一化至某一参考温度以消除温度对频率的影响。通过分析小风速状态下温度归一化频率和加速度响应均方根的相关性,对交通荷载引起的频率变异性进行了定量评价,在此基础上采用交通荷载-频率相关性模型消除了交通荷载对频率的影响,最后定量评价了风速对模态频率的影响。分析结果表明：本文提出的方法可以给出大跨桥梁结构模态频率识别的变异性的量化评价,但目前模态频率的识别方法仍需进一步改进。     

响应面法在结构可靠度分析中的应用研究

响应面法可以应用于大型复杂结构隐式极限状态方程的可靠性分析,然而至今可靠度响应面法的计算精度仍是未完全得以解决的问题.本文分析了响应面法计算结构可靠度的实质,指出了已有可靠度响应面法研究中存在的认识误区,并揭示了可靠度响应面法计算误差的真正原因.在此基础上,提出了改进响应面法用以解决传统响应面法收敛失败和计算误差大的问...     

悬索桥主塔结构的有限元模拟方法研究：1．初始模型

在有限元模型误差来源分析的基础之上,以润扬悬索桥主塔结构环境振动测试结果为基准,提出了分层次分阶段的修正主塔结构有限元模型的方法。首先依据设计图纸建立最初的有限元模型,经过模型阶次误差分析和结构误差分析之后,确定了主塔各构件单元划分的数目和梁柱节点刚性区域的模拟方法。在此基础之上,文献[1]将进一步对本文所建立的初始有限元模型进行参数误差的修正,从而最终建立润扬悬索桥主塔结构的基准有限元模型。     

基于小波变换的非平稳脉动风时变功率谱估计方法研究

为揭示非平稳随机脉动风的时频特性,基于小波变换原理推导了时变功率谱的时间、频率和幅值与小波变换系数的关系,建立了非平稳随机脉动风时变功率谱估计的小波函数加权和法,并采用模拟非平稳脉动风和实测台风过程对理论推导结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:非平稳随机过程在某一时刻的不同尺度小波变换系数是一个以此非平稳随机过程的调制函数与小波函数的乘积为调制函数的非平稳随机过程的傅里叶变换,非平稳随机过程的时变功率谱等于不同尺度和不同时移的小波函数模平方的加权和,小波函数加权和法计算的非平稳随机脉动风的时变功率谱与理论结果具有良好的一致性。小波函数加权和法可有效地估计非平稳随机脉动风的时变功率谱,估计的时变功率谱可为进一步理解强(台)风的随机脉动特性奠定基础。