长链非编码RNA在肉牛脂肪沉积中的调控作用研究进展

牛肉因其高蛋白、低胆固醇的特点受到广大消费者喜爱。脂肪组织是畜禽肉类食品的重要组成部分,具有很多重要的生理功能。脂肪是影响生长发育和肉质等经济性状的关键因素之一。肉牛脂肪沉积受到多种细胞因子调控。除蛋白质编码基因外，研究发现长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)也是影响脂肪沉积的重要调节因子。本文主要介绍了动物脂肪沉积过程，综述了目前发现的与肉牛脂肪生成相关的lncRNA及其作用机制，以期为今后的优质肉牛育种提供参考。     

专业课程教学中思政元素的有机融合初探 ——以特种经济动物养殖学课程为例

课程思政是将思想政治元素有机融入到专业课程中,发挥其思想政治教育功能,实现将无形的思想政治教育和有形的专业知识体系教育有机统一的教育模式.以《特种经济动物养殖学》课程为例,通过开展一系列教学探索和实践,充分挖掘课程中蕴含的思政元素,融入到课程教学过程中,对学生进行正确的价值引导和能力培养,以达到新时代高校"全程育人、全...     

浅谈高校畜牧专业本科生人才培养存在的问题与解决对策

随着我国社会和经济的发展,畜牧业发展也迎来了新的机遇和挑战。在这个过程当中,高校则肩负着培养高素质畜牧专业人才的历史使命。本文从学生自身、课程建设、师资队伍等方面,分析了当前高校畜牧专业人才培养中存在的问题,并针对性的提出了解决对策,以期为探索畜牧专业本科生人才培养模式提供参考。     

Effects of Dietary Sodium Acetate on Lactation Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Dairy Goats北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium acetate on lactation performance and rumen microbiota of dairy goats. Fifteen healthy Xinong Saanen dairy goat ewes with similar body weight of (53.54±3.07) kg, the same parity (2 parities) and in mid-lactation [(60±5) d] were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group. Dairy goats in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30 (experimental group I) and 60 g/ (d.head) (experimental group II) sodium acetate, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 21 days. The milk yield of dairy goats was recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, milk samples were collected to analyze the changes in milk composition, and rumen contents of dairy goats were collected from two groups (control group and experimental group II) with significant differences in milk fat percentage. Gas chromatography and 16S rDNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial composition and structure of dairy goats. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary sodium acetate extremely significantly increased the daily milk yield of dairy goats (P<0.01), and the daily milk yield in experimental groups I and II was increased by 0.29 and 0.22 kg, respectively (P<0.01); in experimental group II, the milk fat percentage was significantly increased by 1.30 percentage points (P<0.01), and the non-fat solid content in milk was increased by 3.10% (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the rumen butyric acid content of dairy goats in experimental group II was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in rumen pH, the other volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the Sobs index, Chao1 index and Ace index of rumen microbiota in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05); the results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) also showed that there were significant differences in the structure of rumen microbiota between the two groups (P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the rumen of the two groups of dairy goats; at the genus level, Prevotella_1 was the dominant genus in the rumen. Compared with the control group, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 and Lachnoclostridium_12 in rumen of dairy goats in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Methanobrevibacter in rumen was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) The results of correlation analysis showed that rumen microbiota was correlated with daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and non-fat solid content of dairy goats. In conclusion, dietary 60 g/ (d.head) sodium acetate can significantly increase the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage, significantly reduce rumen butyrate content, and improve the lactation performance of dairy goats by improving rumen microbial composition and structure. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

郏县红牛FGF13基因拷贝数变异及其与生长性状关联性分析

本研究旨在检测郏县红牛成纤维生长因子13（fibroblast growth factor 13, FGF13）基因的拷贝数变异（copy number variation, CNV）及其与生长性状之间的相关性分析。本研究利用实时定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR, qPCR）技术,以57头郏县红牛为研究对象,检测FGF13基因CNV,并利用皮尔逊相关分析进行FGF13基因拷贝数与郏县红牛生长性状的关联分析。结果表明,郏县红牛FGF13基因的相对拷贝数高于对照组秦川牛（P<0.05）,在郏县红牛群体中,FGF13基因CNV位点存在拷贝数增加Gain,拷贝数正常Normal和拷贝数减少Loss三种类型;关联分析结果显示,FGF13基因的相对拷贝数与郏县红牛的体斜长呈显著的正相关（P<0.05）。该研究结果表明,FGF13基因的CNV位点与郏县红牛的生长性状显著相关,可作为分子标记应用于郏县红牛的分子标记辅助选择育种工作中。     

鸡骨骼肌中天然反义lncRNA VGLL2-AS的鉴定及其与VGLL2的关系研究

旨在探究鸡骨骼肌中VGLL2基因天然反义链转录本VGLL2 AS lncRNA(VGLL2-AS)与VGLL2的关系。本研究首先采用PCR和测序技术验证VGLL2-AS是否存在；之后分别采集不同周龄固始蛋鸡(1日龄、6周龄、16周龄、22周龄、30周龄，每个周龄各6只)组织样，采用荧光定量PCR分析VGLL2基因和其反义链转录本VGLL2-AS的表达谱；采用双向转录试验和核酸酶保护试验检测VGLL2和VGLL2-AS是否可以双向转录且两者之间关系；体外分离培养原代成肌细胞(11胚龄固始鸡胚),然后用2μg·mL^-1的放线菌素D处理成肌细胞(对照组不做处理),收取处理不同时间点细胞(0～8 h,每组各个时间点各做3个重复),检测VGLL2-AS与VGLL2的半衰期；分离鸡成肌细胞的细胞核和细胞质，通过RT-qPCR方法确定两者的细胞定位；利用PCR扩增及测序对VGLL2的转录本进行验证；最后利用RT-qPCR检测它们在固始蛋鸡胸肌组织(1日龄、6周龄、16周龄、22周龄、30周龄每个周龄各6只)中的时空表达规律和相关性。结果表明，VGLL2-AS在鸡的转录组中真实存...