胰腺癌的诊断

胰腺癌大多指起源于胰管细胞的腺癌,其中胰头癌占2/3,胰体尾癌占1/3。美国胰腺癌的发病率居男性肿瘤的第四位,女性肿瘤的第六位。1976年美国发现新病例22.000人。在工业发达国家,近年来发病率明显增加,近40年来已增加了3倍,其原因不明。胰腺癌死亡率很高,五年生存率仅1～2％。男性发病多于女性。最高发病年龄为50～60岁。本文仅就近年来在胰腺癌诊断方面的进展予以综述。临床特征     

肝细胞的胆汁分泌;现代观点及争论所在

肝细胞的小管胆汁中水的运转被公认为渗透过程,即水及无机离子,按照肝细胞将溶质逐出而形成的渗透梯度,进入胆小管腔。但目前对此全过程了解还很少,也有不少争论,本文主要指出这些有争论的需进一步加以研究的问题。结构-功能关系肝细胞将胆汁分泌入胆小管是与肝细胞浆膜的高度极性化有关。胆小管是由两个邻近肝细胞侧浆膜的沟形成。以下讨论有关肝细胞浆膜的问题。 (一)肝细胞浆膜是高度极性化的     

6-疏基嘌呤(6-MP)治疗炎症性肠病中所致胰腺炎的特性及病程

有报告硫唑嘌呤、6-MP等药物于治疗肾移植后、类风关、慢活肝、炎症性肠病(IBD)等疾病时可并发药物性胰腺炎.6-MP对IBD而言,是重要的治疗药物.本文分析1969～1986的15年间400例IBD应用6-MP治疗中13例(3.25%)并发急性胰腺炎的临床资料     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CYTOCIDAL EFFECT OF AT-1840 AND PARVOVIRUS H-1 AGAINST STOMACH CANCER CELLS

We had given evidences of cytocidal effect in vitro of either parvovirus H-I(PV H-1) or AT-1840 (lycobetaine) on gastric cancer cells. They act on different phase of the cell cycle of the gastric cancer cells, with PV H-1 on the late stage of S phase and AT-1840 on M phase. Combined use of these drugs gives better killing effect than the individual drug alone. In gastric cancer-bearing nude mice (ascites and solid tumor forms), both AT-1840 and PV H-1 increased the survival peroids and decreased the size of solid tumors. Depsite these are the experimental study which may not to be the same in human being. However, the study has layed down a solid foundation for our further exploration of these two substances as anti-gastric cancer drugs in the future.     

重度不典型增生与胃癌关系的临床研究

胃粘膜上皮不典型增生系指腺管及上皮细胞在增生过程中所出现的形态结构和功能的异常现象。不典型增生包括两种含义,即在炎症、糜烂或溃疡等胃粘膜病变时上皮细胞的异型增生,以及近似胃癌的“交界性”不典型增生。一般来说,后者细胞、组织结构的不典型或异型的程度更严重。仅依靠病理特征要将这两种不典型增生以及它们同分化型癌鉴别常有困难,为探索重度不典型增生与胃癌的关系,我们前瞻性地开展了这一临床研究。     

RADIOIMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF XENOGRAFTED HUMAN GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA WITH ~(131)I-LABELED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY RWS_(4) IN NUDE MICE

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) RWS4 specific to membrane-associated antigen of human gastric adenocarcinoma was purified by protein A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and labeled with 131I by chloramine-T method. 131-RWS,, was injected (65 μCi/10μg/0.2 ml, intraperitoneally) into the stomach cancer-bearing nude mice (solid tumor about 1 cm in diameter), and its biodistribution was studied by SPECT and gamma-counter over a peroid of 7 days. A clear image of transplanted tumor was observed on the 4th day, and the image became more clear on the 6th day. After SPECT scanning, the animals were killed on the 3rd to 7th day separately and radioactivity was detected in various organs. The ratios of T/NT were calculated. The results were shown as follows: tumor/blood, was 3.41±0.29 on the 6th day and the tumor/other organs (liver, spleen, stomach, lung, heart, kidney and brain etc.) were>3. The specificity of the 131I-RWS4 was 7.74±0.65.     

清醒镇静胃镜检查202例分析

内镜检查是常用且极为重要的消化道疾病诊治手段，安全性高，患者一般能耐受，但仍有心律不齐、呼吸窘迫等并发症发生，部分患者因恐惧而不愿接受检查。本文对应用咪唑安定诱导清醒镇静胃镜操作的经验作一介绍。 材料与方法 一、研究对象 １９９８年８月～１９９９年１２月本院外宾病房因各种上消化道症状而接受胃镜检查者共２０２例。其中男１０６例，平均年龄４９．６６岁±１３．０７岁，女９６例，平均年龄４８．０６岁±１５．２４岁。所有患者均排除心、肺、肝、肾等慢性疾病及精神性疾病，且无药物过敏史。患者随机分为非全身用药组…     

生长抑素治疗上消化道出血进展

继1979年Thulin等之后，国内外均已有大量上消化道出血特别是食道静脉曲张（EV）出血病人，采用原型生长抑素（SS－14）或人工合成八肽衍生物注射取得明显近期止血效应的报道。由于应用方便、止血率高、副作用发生率低，而受到临作医学家的普遍青睐。生长抑素及其衍生物治疗上消化道出血的机制仍不十分明确，主要有两种推断：＊生长抑素选择性地直接作用于血管平滑肌，减少内脏循环血量，使门脉血流量乃至门脉压力下降。（2）门脉高压病人胰高血糖素及其他血管舒张因子的血浆浓度增加，胰高血糖素还使血管对去甲肾上腺素、血管紧张素11及…     

健康高龄者的肿瘤杀伤细胞及肿瘤坏死因子活力的研究

以LDH酶释放法,K562细胞及胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)为靶细胞分别测定20例健康高龄者(平均年龄为76.8±6.01岁)的外周血淋巴细胞中的NK细胞及胃癌杀伤细胞活力;并以L929为靶细胞,MTT细胞毒活力法测定经IL—2,LPS分别诱导活化PBL合成分泌TNF活力,并与健康中青年(平均年龄为35.1±6.06岁)相比较,以探求老年人的细胞免疫及对肿瘤的防御功能。结果发现离龄组的杀伤细胞活力为33.04±6.36,低于健康中青年组(38.12±5.67;P<0.05),但经IL-2或LPS活化诱导分泌的TNF活力分别为52.45±4.72%、53.78±8.86%,均明显高于中青年组(分别为44.47±5.69%及47.87±5.50%),差异均显著。提示高令组健康人群的肿瘤杀伤细胞活力均降低,但TNF分泌活力增高,可能补偿了部分免疫缺陷。     

幽门螺旋菌的血清学诊断进展及临床价值

幽门螺旋菌是慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡的致病因素之一已获定论。血清学诊断是简便、实用的手段,近年来取得较大进展。本文对幽门螺旋菌血清学诊断所用的各种抗原、采用的检测方法和所检测到的各种抗体及其临床价值进行了分析和评价,望有助于临床工作者进行科研时设计的参考。血清学诊断方法简便,病人易接受,快速流行病学调查有其特殊价值,但提高试剂质量、测试程序标准化也是迫切需解决的问题。