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1.
Energy transfer from photo-excited electrons in a metal thin film to the dielectric substrate is important for understanding the ultrafast heat transfer process across the two materials. Substantial research has been conducted to investigate heat transfer in a metal-dielectric structure. In this work, a two-temperature model in metal was used to analyze the interface electron and dielectric substrate coupling. An improved temperature and wavelength-dependent Drude–Lorentz model was implemented to interpret the signals obtained in optical measurements. Ultrafast pump-and-probe measurements on Au-Si samples were carried out, where the probe photon energy was chosen to be close to the interband transition threshold of gold to minimize the influence of non-equilibrium electrons on the optical response and maximize the thermal modulation to the optical reflectance. Electron-substrate interface thermal conductance at different pump laser fluences was obtained, and was found to increase with the interface temperature. 相似文献
2.
3.
R. V. Iyer K. Sooryanarayana T. N. Guru Row K. Vijayan 《Journal of Materials Science》2003,38(1):133-139
Using X-ray diffraction data, the behaviour of Kevlar 49 fibres at low temperatures, up to –100°C, has been analysed. During cooling, the basal plane of the monoclinic unit cell shrinks whereas the c- (unique, chain axis) length is not significantly affected. In contrast, in the return heating cycle to ambient temperature, the basal plane expands and contraction occurs along the chain direction. The unit cell registers a reduction in volume in both the cooling and heating cycles. Conspicuously, after a cycle of cooling and heating, the unit cell does not return to its initial volume. 相似文献
4.
A key performance parameter of a manufacturing network or supply chain is its cycle time; the time that a typical item spends in the network. A previous simulation study on a semiconductor assembly and test facility showed that cycle times could be reduced by having smooth input and service rates. This suggested that there is a “cycle time principle” that, for a system with a specified throughput or input rate, the shortest cycle times are obtained when the input and service rates do not vary over time. We prove that this principle is true for the M/G/1 and M/M/s queueing systems and Jackson networks. The analysis involves establishing several results on the concavity of waiting time probabilities and the convexity of expected waiting times and queue lengths, as functions of input and service rates. These results also have natural uses in other optimization problems. 相似文献
5.
Thanapalan Murugesan G. S. Venkat Rathnam S. Panduranga Rao P. Gangadhar Rao 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1995,63(3):290-294
In the present study of gas–liquid contactors, mean residence/contact time was calculated from knowledge of superficial velocity and the gas phase hold-up, for various gas rates and impeller geometry and speeds, and compared with values obtained from RTD measurements. A new correlation, involving Flow Number, Froude Number, system geometry and the physical properties, is proposed. This uses the authors data and those available in literature. 相似文献
6.
Rajoo R. Lim S.S. Wong E.H. Hnin W.Y. Seah S.K.W. Tay A.A.O. Iyer M. Tummala R.R. 《Advanced Packaging, IEEE Transactions on》2008,31(2):377-385
A wafer level packaging technique has been developed with an inherent advantage of good solder joint co-planarity suitable for wafer level testing. A suitable weak metallization scheme has also been established for the detachment process. During the fabrication process, the compliancy of the solder joint is enhanced through stretching to achieve a small shape factor. Thermal cycling reliability of these hourglass-shaped, stretch solder interconnections has been found to be considerably better than that of the conventional spherical-shaped solder bumps. 相似文献
7.
Disasters may strike at any moment in any location. When they do, no distinction is made about the type of firm that is being affected, whether it is a bank or a manufacturing plant. Most firms do not plan for possible disasters, and those that do have typically focused on computer and data contingency planning. In this paper, the focus is shifted to incorporate disaster recovery planning for manufacturing enterprises, especially those that are automated. Automated manufacturing enterprises have characteristics that put them at an increased risk to disasters. The methodological framework proposed in this paper will aid manufacturing organizations and their managers in reducing the risks associated with unanticipated disasters. The framework is termed the “Manufacturing Operations Recovery and Resumption” model. Recommended activities and tools for effective management of this methodology are identified 相似文献
8.
Mingming Zhang Venkat Kamavaram Ramana G. Reddy 《Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion》2005,26(2):124-130
Thermodynamic properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C4mim[Cl]) ionic liquid were determined using thermogravimetric (TG) differential thermal analysis (DTA). A new method called
DTA mass-difference baseline, was used to measure the heat capacity and enthalpy change of phase transformation of ionic liquid
from DTA curves. Based on this, the changes in standard enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy were determined. The results show
that standard enthalpy and entropy changes of C4mim[Cl] increase nonlinearly with increasing temperature, while the standard Gibbs energy change decreases nonlinearly with
increasing temperature within the temperature range studied (298–453 K). The standard enthalpy of melting and enthalpy of
vaporization were determined to be 0.93 and 11.07 kJ/mol, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Kaushik A. Iyer 《International Journal of Fracture》2007,146(1-2):1-18
Internal fracture patterns developed in silicon carbide cylindrical targets as a result of dynamic indentation (63–500 m/s)
by tungsten carbide spheres are defined. Microscopy of recovered and sectioned targets delineate into three regions, each
associated with distinct cracking modes, i.e., shallow cone macrocracking at and near the impact surface, steep interior cone
macrocracks that radiate into the target from the impact region and local grain-scale microcracking directly underneath the
impact region. The observed fracture patterns are found to maintain a noticeable degree of self-similarity upto the impact
velocity of 500 m/s. Linear elastic analysis of the full (surface and interior) stress field developed under static (Hertz)
contact loading delineate the target into four regions, based on the number of principal stresses that are tensile (none,
1, 2 or all 3). A strong correlation is found between the principal stress conditions within each region and the forms of
cracking, their locations and orientations present therein. This correlation has a number of implications, including non-interaction
of crack systems, which are discussed. Illustrative linear elastic fracture mechanics analyses are performed for three regions,
and calculated and observed macrocrack lengths are found to be in reasonable agreement. 相似文献
10.
N Iyer MS Reagan KJ Wu B Canagarajah EC Friedberg 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,35(7):2157-2167