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1.
The UV-Visible absorption spectra of virgin and gamma irradiated (20–800 kGy) CR-39 polymer have been deduced by using Shimadzu Double beam Double Monochromator UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-2550). The existence of the peaks, their shifting and broadening as a result of gamma irradiation has been discussed. Finally the indirect and direct band gap in virgin and gamma irradiated CR-39 has been determined. The values of indirect band gap have been found to be lower than the corresponding values of direct band gap.  相似文献   
2.
B. Zhao  G.S. Mittal 《LWT》2007,40(4):655-660
Ultrasound backscattered signals for object detection could be too weak to be perceived when superposed to strong reflection signals, and could also be complicated either in time or frequency domain. These peculiarities raise a challenge for signal processing methods. In this paper four signal processing methods were studied to detect objects in containers. Root mean squares (RMS) method was better in object detection but needed to combine other methods to increase detection success rate. Variance, center frequency pressure ratio (CFPR) and backscattered amplitude integral (BAI) methods have similar overall detection ratings. The optimal signal size, to increase the detection ability, corresponded approximately to the length of reverberation signals before it was dissipated.  相似文献   
3.
Changes in the NHS have supported the idea of targeting health services to those in greatest need. This has meant that health visitors are increasingly having to identify 'vulnerable' families in need of increased health visiting intervention. This paper reports on a qualitative study undertaken in order to explore the ways in which health visitors plan and organize their work in relation to the concept of vulnerability. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were carried out with health visitors from two separate geographical areas, one an inner city area and the other suburban, in order to explore the criteria by which health visitors define vulnerability and decide to increase their levels of intervention to particular families. It was found that vulnerability was extremely difficult to define but that the health visitors used criteria which were appropriate to the particular localities in which they worked to identify vulnerable families and to increase their levels of intervention to those families. Health visitors were targeting their services within a framework of a basic minimum service to all and were assessing the health needs of individuals or families rather than planning their work on the basis of community or practice profiles.  相似文献   
4.
Four murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) designated as C9E8, A10, G12, and G8 which recognized both Serpulina hyodysenteriae and S. innocens were produced and characterized. The mAbs reacted with whole cell antigens in ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays. The mAbs did not show any cross reactivity in rapid dot ELISA or immunoblot assay with Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae, Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli. Treatment of whole cell suspension with proteinase K and sodium periodate indicated that the reacting epitopes of the mAbs were protein in nature. The genus-specific antigens were identified as heat-stable proteins with molecular weight in the range of 26 to 45 kDa. Immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling studies showed that the antibody-binding epitopes were exposed on the outer-surface of the spirochaetal cell wall. The mAbs inhibited growth of reference strains of both S. hyodysenteriae and S. innocens in vitro but failed to cause agglutination. The detection of spirochaetal forms directly in fecal smears or paraffin-embeded tissue sections from experimentally infected pigs indicated that such mAbs were potentially useful for the diagnosis of swine spirochaetosis. This is the first report of mAbs identifying and characterizing common antigens of porcine Serpulina.  相似文献   
5.
The prevalent drugs for treatment of kala azar viz. sodium stibogluconate (SSG) and pentamidine cause severe toxic side effects and acute immunosuppression in the treated individuals. Picroliv, a standardized mixture of iridoid glycosides, prepared from the alcoholic extract of the root and rhizome of Picrorhiza kurroa has shown strong hepatoprotective activity against several models of hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with an objective to study the effects of Picroliv (12.5 mg/kg x 7 days oral) alone and in combination with SSG on parasitemia, lipid peroxidation and hepatic marker enzymes of golden hamsters during Leishmania donovani infection. The results indicated a marked hepatoprotective effect of Picroliv in terms of biochemical markers, and a significant antileishmanial activity implying that it can be utilized as an adjunct to chemotherapy or in combination therapy of kala azar along with sodium stibogluconate, thus enhancing the efficacy of antileishmanials.  相似文献   
6.
The availability of cheap network based video cameras and the prevalence of wireless networks has lead to a major thrust towards deployment of large scale Distributed Video Surveillance (DVS) systems. This has opened up an important area of research to deal with the issues involved in DVS system for efficient collection and transmission of large scale video streams from the cameras at the guarded sites, to the end users in possibly constrained network conditions. In this paper, we propose a framework based on content-based video classification and scalable compression scheme to provide a robust bandwidth efficient video transmission for DVS. The scheme builds on a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based Color-Set Partitioning for Hierarchical Trees (CSPIHT) coding to obtain a scalable bitstream. Wavelet domain segmentation and compression assists in development of a DVS architecture. The architecture includes a novel module for dynamic allocation of Network bandwidth based on the current available resources and constraints. Different frame constituents are optimally coded based on their relative significance, perceptual quality, and available estimate of network bandwidth. Experimental result over different video sequences and simulations for Network conditions demonstrate the efficient performance of the approach.  相似文献   
7.
This paper presents OS-Guard(On-Site Guard), a novel on-site signature based framework for multimedia surveillance data management. One of the major concerns in widespread deployment of multimedia surveillance systems is the enormous amount of data collected from multiple media streams that need to be communicated, observed and stored for crime alerts and forensic analysis. This necessitates investigating efficient data management techniques to solve this problem. This work aims to tackle this problem, motivated by the following observation, more data does not mean more information. OS-Guard is a novel framework that attempts to collect informative data and filter out non-informative data on-site, thus taking a step towards solving the data management problem. In the framework, both audio and video cues are utilized by extracting features from the incoming data stream and the resultant real valued feature data is binarized for efficient storage and processing. A feature selection process based on association rule mining selects discriminant features. A short representative sample of the whole database is generated using a novel reservoir sampling algorithm that is stored onsite and used with an support vector machine to classify an important event. Initial experiments for a Bank ATM monitoring scenario demonstrates promising results.  相似文献   
8.
The paper addresses the adaptive behaviour of parallel fuzzy proportional plus fuzzy integral plus fuzzy derivative (FP+FI+FD) controller. The parallel FP+FI+FD controller is actually a non-linear adaptive controller whose gain changes continuously with output of the process under control. Two non-stationary processes, whose characteristics change with time, are considered for simulation study. Simulation is performed using software LabVIEW TM . The set-point tracking response of parallel FP+FI+FD is compared with conventional parallel proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller, tuned with the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning technique. Simulation results show that conventional PID controller fails to track the set-point and becomes unstable as the process changes its characteristic with time. But the parallel FP+FI+FD controller shows considerably much better set-point tracking response and does not deviate from steady state. Also, a huge spike is observed in the output of PID controller as the reference set-point and process parameters are changed, while the FP+FI+FD controller gives spike free control signal.  相似文献   
9.
The capacity of microfluidic technology to fabricate monodisperse emulsion droplets is well established. Parallelisation of droplet production is a prerequisite for using such an approach for making high-quality materials for either fundamental or industrial applications where product quantity matters. Here, we investigate the emulsification efficiency of parallelised drop generators based on a flow-focusing geometry when incorporating the role of partial wetting in order to make emulsion droplets with a diameter below 10 μm. Confinement intrinsically encountered in microsystems intensifies the role played by interfaces between liquids and solids. We thus take advantage of partial wetting to enhance the maximum confinement accessible due to liquid flow focusing. We compare the performances brought by partial wetting to more established routes such as step emulsification. We show that the step configuration and the partial wetting regime are both well suited for being parallelised and thus open the way to the production of fine and calibrated emulsions for further applications. Finally, this new route of emulsification that exploits partial wetting between the fluids and the channel walls opens possibilities to the formation of substantially smaller droplets, as required in many fields of application.  相似文献   
10.
Correia LR  Mittal GS 《Meat science》1991,29(4):335-351
The cooking kinetics of meat emulsions containing various fillers was determined by monitoring changes in hydration properties such as cooking loss and water-holding capacity during smokehouse cooking. Press juice, consumer cook test and emulsion stability of cooked product were also determined. The fillers used were buttermilk powder, corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose, modified corn starch, modified wheat flour, soy-protein concentrate and whey-protein concentrate. The cooking process was modelled using reaction kinetics and Eyring's absolute reaction rate theory. Enthalpy and entropy changes of activation were calculated for various properties and fillers.  相似文献   
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