On the Use of Indium Arsenide as the Waveguide Material in the Measurements by Attenuated Total Reflectance

Optics and Spectroscopy - The current–voltage characteristics and photocurrent of “monolithic” diode optical pairs optically coupled by a substrate made of InAs common for them...     

Inelastic processes in collisions of multicharged fast ions with atoms

We use the eikonal approximation to develop a general formula for the cross sections of inelastic collisions of multicharged fast ions (including relativistic ions) with atoms that is applicable within a broad range of collision energies, has the standard nonrelativistic limit, and becomes, in the ultrarelativistic case, the well-known result that follows from the exact solution of the Dirac equation. As an example we study the excitation and ionization of a hydrogenlike atom, the single and double excitation and ionization of a heliumlike atom, and multiple (up to the eighth order) ionization of the neon atom and (up to eighteenth order) ionization of the argon atom. We derive simple analytical expressions for the inelastic cross sections and establish recurrence relations linking the cross sections of ionization of different orders. Finally, we compare our results with the experimental data. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 1646–1660 (November 1998)     

Analysis of packing factors of crystalline polymers in terms of the glass transition to melting temperature radio

An expression for the ratio of the glass transition temperature to the melting temperature, T _g/T _m, was derived with allowance for fluctuations of the packing factor in the amorphous state. This relationship made it possible to describe the actual range of variation in T _g/T _m depending on a change in the packing factor in the crystalline state k _{o, cr}. The proposed approach forms the basis for the method of determination of increments in the packing ratio k _{o, cr} and formulation of the principles of selection of experimental data for calculations. The glass transition temperatures in polyethylene depending on the type of unit cell were calculated.     

Modified Three-Dimensional Formulations of Bending Problems of Homogeneous Plates and Beams under Complex Fixing Conditions

Modified three-dimensional formulations of bending problems of homogeneous elastic plates and beams are considered. Modification of the known three-dimensional formulations reduces to using additional constraints imposed on displacement functions. An advantage of the formulations proposed is that complex fixing conditions of plates and beams can be taken into account.     

Reduction of the error of hydrophone calibration with respect to the field in a hydroacoustic tank by the reciprocity method

A hydrophone calibration procedure that considerably reduces the error caused by the acoustic field distortions in a hydroacoustic tank is proposed. The procedure is based on the definition of the reduced electric transfer impedances of transducers (i.e., the electric transfer impedances reduced to the spherical wave propagation law) and consists in measuring the electric transfer impedances for different distances between hydroacoustic transducers. The sensitivity of the hydrophone under calibration is calculated from the far-field values of the reduced electric transfer impedances. The latter are determined using a mathematical model of the hydrophone in the form of a system that contains a point sensing element and a finite number of point sources of acoustic signals (point reflectors). A method of determining the number and coordinates of the point reflectors from the analysis of the acoustic “images” of the hydrophone’s reflecting surface is proposed. The measuring technique, the algorithms of mathematical processing, and the results of experimental studies are considered. A comparative analysis of the results of the hydrophone calibration with respect to the field by the reciprocity method is performed for the cases of using the conventional technique and the proposed method.     

Dynamical and Topological Methods in the Theory of Geodesically Equivalent Metrics

We suggest a new, more global, approach to the study of geodesically equivalent metrics which is based on application of the theory of integrable geodesic flows. Bibliography: 17 titles.     

Preparation of colloidal solutions of noble metals stabilized by polyoxometalates and supported catalysts based on these solutions

Conditions for the preparation of stable aqueous monometallic and bimetallic colloidal solutions (sols) of noble metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, Ir, Ag, and Au) in the presence of polyoxometalates containing W, Mo, V, and Nb were found. The stability of sols against coagulation at room temperature was studied. The metal/C samples prepared by metal adsorption from sols were studied by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The following factors of importance for the preparation of a stable sol are discussed: (1) the formation of a sol of a metal polyhydroxo complex stabilized by a polyoxometalate (preliminary stage) and (2) the formation of polyoxometalate-metal clusters in the course of reduction of polyhydroxo complexes.Translated from Kinetika i Kataliz, Vol. 45, No. 6, 2004, pp. 921–929.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Maksimova, Chuvilin, Moroz, Likholobov, Matveev.     

Ionization of Hydrogen and Helium Atoms in Collisions with Relativistic Structural Heavy Ions

Based on the eikonal approximation, cross sections for single and double ionization of hydrogen and helium atoms in collisions with structural multiply charged heavy ions moving with relativistic velocities are calculated. In the present paper, the structural ions are taken to mean the ions with partially filled electronic shells. It is demonstrated that a consideration of the ion charge extension may noticeably change the corresponding cross sections compared to the cross sections for ionization by point ions having the same charges and energies.     

Energy spectra and temperature distributions of clusters produced during ion-beam sputtering of metals

A method for evaluating the energy spectra and temperature dependences of the yield of neutral and charged clusters that consist of N≥5 atoms and are produced by ion bombardment of metals is proposed. The results are presented in the form of simple formulas. Theoretical energy spectra of clusters emitted as a result of bombarding niobium, tantalum, and iron targets by atomic ions of gold or xenon and temperature dependences of the yield of silver clusters produced by bombarding the targets with xenon ions are compared with experimental data.