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Claus Offe 《Policy Sciences》1983,15(3):225-246
This article addresses the question of what makes democratic political organization and capitalist economic organization mutually compatible on the macro-sociological level, and what has, more specifically, led to the absence of manifest tension between those two organizing principles in the post-World War II era in Western Europe. A hypothetical answer is provided, namely that the organization of mass participation through a competitive party system makes democracy safe for capitalism and that Keynesianism and the welfare state makes capitalism safe for democracy. The question of the extent to which one can expect the continuity of those arrangements under the conditions of political and economic crisis is then explored on a theoretical level. As a skeptical answer to this question, a number of factors are systematically discussed which seem to subvert both party competition as the dominant mode of mass participation and welfare-Keynesianism as the prevalent mode of economic policy. 相似文献
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We compared the lungs of six drowned and six non-drowned persons over 70 to determine whether there is evidence of acute overinflation in drowning that can be distinguished from senile lung emphysema. All left lungs underwent intrathoracic formalin fixation to preserve their state of insufflation. To assess the effects of lung collapse, all right lungs were sectioned as usual and then immersed in formalin. After histological processing, microphotography and image processing of 12 specimens per corpse, 50 binary images of each specimen were measured by computerized morphometry. Intrathoracic fixation resulted in significantly less tissue area (and more airspace) in the left than in the right lungs of both groups. Comparing both groups' left lungs revealed that the interalveolar septa were thinner and the area occupied by connecting nodes smaller in drowning; these single nodes also tended to be smaller. There was a tendency for less alveolar tissue area per image in drowning than in control lungs and for narrow tissue structures to comprise a higher percentage of both the total tissue area and total tissue perimeter per image. We conclude that there is morphological evidence of acute overinflation even in senile lungs, but this is masked by postmortem lung collapse as suggested by the overlapping values of the right lungs. Support to the diagnosis of drowning among drowned elderly patients can only be available in lungs subjected to intrathoracic postmortem fixation. 相似文献
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一、导言 德国刑法是一种有体系的刑法,主要通过以判例为根据,也就是根据过去已经作出判决的真正案件来与其他法律制度加以区别.在刑法的基础中,人们不可以过高地评价这个区别,但也不可以过低地评价这个区别.一方面,德国刑法的发展,在很大程度上,不仅是通过立法和学术,而且是通过司法判决来向前推动的;<联邦最高法院刑事判例集>,一套多达50卷的汇编,是每个刑法学工作者,同时也是学生们经常使用的.但是,另一方面,我们的最高法官们不是在自由地创造法律,他们也需要以法律为根据,也需要以在一种所谓的刑法体系中加以总结的一般犯罪原理的基本原则为根据. 相似文献
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Claus Oetke 《Journal of Indian Philosophy》2012,40(4):371-394
The publication deals with topics concerning the interpretation of the Vigrahavyāvartanī in as much as they are relevant for the understanding of (early) Madhyamaka-philosophy in general. A major part of the article is dedicated to a critical assessment of a number of views which have been propagated recently in a paper by Sharma (In: Nagoya studies in Indian culture and Buddhism, Saṃbhāṣā, 2011). A primary goal of the present investigation consists in substantiating the claim that early Madhyamaka represents a metaphysical teaching which stands in sharp contrast not only to stances of common sense but also to tenets propagated in Buddhist dogmatics. 相似文献
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Merkel R Gruhn S Dittmann J Vielhauer C Bräutigam A 《Forensic science international》2012,222(1-3):52-70
The feasibility of 2D-intensity and 3D-topography images from a non-invasive Chromatic White Light (CWL) sensor for the age determination of latent fingerprints is investigated. The proposed method might provide the means to solve the so far unresolved issue of determining a fingerprints age in forensics. Conducting numerous experiments for an indoor crime scene using selected surfaces, different influences on the aging of fingerprints are investigated and the resulting aging variability is determined in terms of inter-person, intra-person, inter-finger and intra-finger variation. Main influence factors are shown to be the sweat composition, temperature, humidity, wind, UV-radiation, surface type, contamination of the finger with water-containing substances, resolution and measured area size, whereas contact time, contact pressure and smearing of the print seem to be of minor importance. Such influences lead to a certain experimental variability in inter-person and intra-person variation, which is higher than the inter-finger and intra-finger variation. Comparing the aging behavior of 17 different features using 1490 time series with a total of 41,520 fingerprint images, the great potential of the CWL technique in combination with the binary pixel feature from prior work is shown. Performing three different experiments for the classification of fingerprints into the two time classes [0, 5h] and [5, 24h], a maximum classification performance of 79.29% (kappa=0.46) is achieved for a general case, which is further improved for special cases. The statistical significance of the two best-performing features (both binary pixel versions based on 2D-intensity images) is manually shown and a feature fusion is performed, highlighting the strong dependency of the features on each other. It is concluded that such method might be combined with additional capturing devices, such as microscopes or spectroscopes, to a very promising age estimation scheme. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis article analyses how the presence of a dominant group of voters within the electorate affects voter turnout. Theoretically, we argue that its absolute size affects turnout via increased free-riding incentives and reduced social pressure to vote within a larger dominant group. Its relative size compared to other groups within the electorate influences turnout through instrumental and expressive responses – in both the dominant and dominated groups – to the degree of electoral competition between groups. Empirical evidence from a large cross section of German municipalities is in line with these theoretical predictions. The observed effects should be taken into account when redesigning electoral jurisdictions through, for instance, municipal mergers or gerrymandering. 相似文献
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Claus Oetke 《Journal of Indian Philosophy》2016,44(3):507-523
The present paper defends a position advanced in Oetke (J Indian Philos 41:43–55, 2013 (= BS)) to the effect that a piece of reasoning allegedly advocated by proponents of Indian Materialism (Lokāyata, Cārvāka) does not deserve to be dismissed as a sophism but embodies a significant philosophical criticism. In addition the article argues for the contention that for this type of theoretical assessment consideration of history of reception possesses at best a limited relevance and is even apt to impede the attainment of an adequate evaluation of the matter. 相似文献