Mastopathia cystica chronica im Hinblick auf krebsige Entartung

Zusammenfassung Als Beitrag zur Frage eines Überganges der Cystenmamma in Carcinom werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit 381 Fälle mit klinisch einwandfrei cystischen Veränderungen der Brustdrüse aus der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Jena der Jahre 1920–1946 zusammengestellt unddie histologisch bewiesenen Fälle (169) zu Besprechungen herangezogen. Dabei zeigte sich, daßin 7,1% der Fälle die Mastopathia cystica einenKrebs oder krebsartige Veränderungen aufweist. Nach diesem Häufigkeitsverhältnis können wir diese Erkrankung nicht als Präcarcinomatose oder als Erkrankung, auf deren Boden sich ein Krebs prädisponiert entwickelt, ansprechen. Die Tatsache aber allein der Krebsentwicklung mahnt zur Vorsicht und weist die damit sich ergebende Behandlung, die kurz aufgezeichnet wird. Nachuntersuchungen und Anfragen bestätigen das gefundene Ergebnis.     

Studie über die Aetiologie und Pathogenese der sogenannten generalisirten Vaccine bei Individuen mit vorher gesunder oder kranker Haut

Ohne ZusammenfassungHiezu Taf. I–V.     

Ueber die verschliessung des Schlundes beim Sprechen

Ohne ZusammenfassungHierzu Taf. I–III.Anmerkung des Herausgebers. Diese Abhandlung ist vor dem Erscheinen der neuesten Schrift des Herrn v. Luschka über den Schlundkopf eingesendet worden.     

Ueber die vasomotorischen Wirkungen des Nervus vagus,laryngeus und sympathicus

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Spontane Heilung einer Hydrocele unter dem Einfluss von Variola

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Apheresis Technologies: An International Perspective

Abstract: The developments in apheresis techniques and their clinical applications world-wide are technologically driven. In the past, apheresis survey statistics have highlighted both the differences by region in clinical practice and in the types of technologies utilized. Such differences have provided a basis for the scientific and clinical assessments of these apheresis technologies and their clinical outcomes and have stimulated the marketing and business development of new technologies world-wide. A review of the regional practices and technologies utilized provides a perspective on the future role of apheresis and its developments in clinical practice. While technology is a driving force for the development of new techniques for clinical practice, it is not the only market force. For technology introduction, several other important issues need to be considered. Regulations at the local and, most importantly, the federal level impact the timing for new technology introduction. Reimbursement by healthcare payers is critically important from the initiation of the development of a technology through its clinical use. Clinical trials are critically important to show the safety and clinical- and cost-effectiveness of the technology in order for payers to provide reimbursement for its use, but these trials are sometimes long and costly. Research funding availability at the governmental and commercial levels critically impacts new technology investigation and its introduction. Apheresis technology developments offer new hopes and promises for the clinical team; however, their development, introduction, and utilization will be influenced by the prevailing market forces.     

No evidence for an altered mRNA expression or protein level of haematopoietic cell phosphatase in CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells or mature peripheral blood cells in polycythaemia vera

Abstract: Polycythaemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by haematopoietic progenitor cells being hypersensitive to cytokines such as erythropoietin, interleukin-3, stem cell factor and insulin-like growth factor 1, which results in an increased production of mature blood cells. The pathogenetic cellular mechanism(s) behind this hypersensitivity to cytokines is unknown, but the number of cytokine receptors and the interaction between ligand and receptor are normal in PV. Interest has therefore focused on post-receptor mechanism(s). Haematopoietic cell phosphatase (HCP) is an intracellular tyrosine phosphatase that has been demonstrated to regulate proliferative signals negatively induced by the cytokines mentioned above. Moreover, motheaten mice that genetically lack HCP have an increased amount of erythroid progenitors that are hypersensitive to Epo, and patients with familial polycythaemia have been shown to exhibit a mutation of the Epo receptor gene that includes the docking site for HCP. We therefore studied mRNA expression of HCP in pure populations of CD34⁺ cells, granulocytes, platelets and lymphocytes from patients with PV, chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) or essential thrombocythemia (ET), as well as healthy controls. Using a polymerase chain reaction analysis employing specific primers for HCP, we failed to detect any abnormalities of HCP expression in PV in any of the cell populations that were examined. Moreover, HCP mRNA expression was similar in ET and CML compared to controls. Finally, Western blot analysis revealed a normal HCP protein content in PV granulocytes and platelets. We therefore conclude that neither an impaired expression of the HCP gene nor a defect in HCP protein synthesis is present in PV, and does not seem to play a role in the aetiology of this disorder.     

Shielded and unshielded geometries in the search for orphan sources.

A car-borne NaI(Tl) spectrometric system was used together with a 137Cs source to obtain realistic data in the search for unshielded and semi-shielded orphan sources. The potassium-stripped counts (PSC) method was used to estimate the influence by the shielding on the detection ability. A reduction of about 5% in the critical distance was obtained for the semi-shielded source. A curve fitting method was also developed and evaluated. Results from the curve fitting method showed inferior ability to find the source compared to the PSC method. However, it can be a useful complementary tool, for characterisation of the source shielding, and estimation of the distance from the road.     

Lewis Histo-Blood Group System and Associated Secretory Phenotypes

This review summarises present knowledge of the chemistry, immunology, genetics and clinical significance of antibodies in the Lewis and secretor histoblood group systems. Although red cell serology has laid the foundations for these systems, more recent advances have been made by studying Lewis and related glycoconjugates with monoclonal antibodies, determining structures by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, identifying enzymes and their specificities, and identifying the genes by molecular biology. The expression of Lewis system antigens is dependent on Lewis and secretor loci. Fucosyltransferases coded by genes at these loci compete and interact with each other and with other transferases to determine an individual's Lewis and secretor phenotype. Exocrine epithelial cells, mostly of endodermal origin, synthesise the Lewis antigens which, as plasma glycolipids, are secondarily acquired by cells of the peripheral circulation. Phenotyping red cells is often regarded as a simple way of determining the Lewis and sometimes the secretor status of an individual; however, the red cell phenotype is influenced by many factors and may not necessarily reflect someone's Lewis and secretor genotypes. Two main red cell Lewis groups are usually found, Lewis negative and Lewis positive. In Lewis-negative individuals, the secretor genotype does not affect the Lewis phenotype, but in Lewis-positive individuals, the non-secretor genotype generates the Le(a+b–) phenotype, the secretor genotype causes the Le(a–b+) phenotype, and the partial secretor genotype gives rise to the Le(a+b+) phenotype.     

Risk factors for extensive ulcerative colitis and ulcerative proctitis: a population based case-control study.

To examine socioeconomic factors, dietary and other personal habits, and medical history as risk factors for ulcerative colitis, we studied 167 (98%) of all prevalent cases of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in Uppsala county from 1945 to 1964 and 167 age and sex matched population controls. Ulcerative colitis patients were less likely than controls to be current cigarette, pipe, or cigar smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 0.44; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 0.25-0.78), but more likely to have symptoms induced by drinking milk (OR = 4.63; 95% CL = 2.15-9.93). Patients with ulcerative colitis do not differ in most of the socioeconomic, dietary and personal habits compared with the background population.