Knee joint proprioception evaluation with own construction device]

Proprioception is a term covering together joint position sense, kinesthesia and integration of these stimuli in the central nervous system which is needed to keep homeosthasis of joints during motion. The aim of this study is to present authors originally created measuring device working according to the principles of Barrett, aiming at evaluation of proprioception of the knee. The construction of this device is based on the Summer chair, model UPR-01B, working in connection with Bosh goniometer DWM-40L measuring angles with a precision of 0,1 degree. The device presented in this study fulfills all criteria required for this kind of apparatus and may be an alternative to other constructs produced commercially and available on the market.     

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of repaglinide in plasma of diabetic animals.

Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense, is considered to be an important pathogenic factor in diabetes mellitus and its complications. In diabetic state, ROS might also be implicated in promoting a state of systemic inflammation. Recently, it was demonstrated that antioxidant therapy could be used to stop the initiation and propagation of this inflammatory response. Repaglinide is a new oral antidiabetic agent with a possible antioxidant activity. Therefore, in the present study, a possible therapeutic value of repaglinide in ameliorating the oxidative and inflammatory processes was tested in diabetic animals. In the study, the levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), ascorbic acid (AA), protein carbonyl groups (PCG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined in plasma of diabetic rabbits after 4 and 8 weeks of repaglinide treatment (1mg daily). Ex vivo analysis revealed that there were significant differences in these markers between hyperglycemic and control animals (P<0.05). Some of these parameters were ameliorated by repaglinide treatment. In diabetic rabbits treated with repaglinide, protein oxidation was diminished by 17.8% after 8 weeks of experiment. The level of AA in plasma of diabetic treated animals was higher than in non-treated diabetic groups (by 9.4 and 22.6% after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively). In diabetic treated animals, the TAS level was also significantly increased (by 23.6 and 16.7%). However, in diabetic rabbits, repaglinide did not affect the concentration of IL-6.     

Quantitative assessment of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile planar perfusion heart studies: application. of multivariate analysis to patient classification

A quantified evaluation of planar cardiac perfusion scintigrams (the objective of the study), obtained using technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) was performed on the basis of an analysis of circumferential profile curves, representing the perfusion as seen in three typical projections. The analysis involved the curves obtained both at rest and after stress, and was based on a comparison of their shape (trend) with the normal trend (normative evaluation). The latter was obtained by means of an original method of iterative fitting of individual curves into the database. The base consisted of curves recorded in 53 patients (separately in males and females) with normal perfusion of the left ventricle (group I, the reference group). A group of 90 patients suspected of having coronary artery disease (group II) was subdivided into two subgroups on the basis of coronary arteriography: (a) those with and (b) those without critical stenosis of at least one artery. Profile curves characterising the LV perfusion were obtained at rest and after stress. Defects of perfusion were quantified by comparison of individual curves with the normal trends. By means of multivariate analysis it was demonstrated that vectors of mean values characterising the scintigraphically assessed defects of LV perfusion in the two subgroups of group II differed very significantly (P<10^–5). Applying methods of discriminant analysis, a classification of patients from group II was performed into those with probable defects of perfusion and those free of such defects. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosis of coronary ischaemia, based on quantified planar^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, reached 86%, 87% and 87%, respectively.     

Mechanisms of enhanced carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue in uremia.

OBJECTIVE: Hyperlipidemia is a permanent finding in advanced renal failure. It is supposed to be responsible for the accelerated arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular complications observed in patients with that disease. The background is partially determined, however, our knowledge in this matter is not yet satisfactory. METHODS: This study is based on the experimental rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF). Considering white adipose tissue (WAT) lipogenesis upregulation in CRF, along with the determination of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes expression, we have measured WAT gene expression for sterol regulatory binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) at the level of protein mass and mRNA abundance. Furthermore, we have determined glucose uptake, glucose-to-CO 2 conversion rate, and glucose translocator (GLUT-4) gene expression in WAT. RESULTS: Upregulation of both FAS and ACC gene expression was found in WAT of CRF rats. It was accompanied by WAT SREBP-1 gene overexpression. Moreover, we have observed the increased glucose uptake, glucose to CO 2 conversion rate, and GLUT-4 gene expression in WAT of CRF rats in comparison with controls. CONCLUSION: SREBP-1 gene overexpression may contribute to enhanced lipogenesis upregulation in WAT of CRF rats. It is not excluded that the increased WAT glucose metabolism activity is also induced by this mechanism, although there is no evidence currently to that end. We hypothesize that the increased WAT lipogenesis capacity could be a part of mechanism(s) leading to CRF-induced hyperlipidemia.     

Effect of polyacid aqueous solutions on photocuring of polymerizable components of resin-modified glass ionomer cements.

OBJECTIVES: Resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGI) are hybrid materials prepared by incorporation of polymerizable components (typically 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with possible addition of multifunctional methacrylates) into a conventional acid-base mixture (a polymeric acid with powdered calcium fluoro-aluminosilicate glasses). During setting, the photopolymerization process and the acid-base reaction affect each other. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of a 45% aqueous solution of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and the liquid component of a commercial glass ionomer cement on HEMA and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) photopolymerization. METHODS: The polymerization was initiated by 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) and camphorquinone (CQ)/coinitiator system. The reaction course was monitored under Ar and air by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. RESULTS: The main effect of addition of polyacid solution (PAA and commercial) up to 10wt% to HEMA on the polymerization initiated with DMPA was earlier onset of autoacceleration. For the process initiated by the CQ-based system, the addition of 5wt% of PAA solution strongly accelerated the polymerization and increased the conversion, both in Ar atmosphere as well as in air. TEGDMA photopolymerization was not influenced or slightly retarded by the presence of 3wt% of PAA solution (the upper limit of solubility), depending on the initiating system used. SIGNIFICANCE: Under initiation conditions used in curing of commercial dental products (CQ-based two component initiating system), the presence of polyacid-aqueous solution in HEMA-based photocurable component increases markedly the polymerization rate and the conversion both in Ar atmosphere as well as in air. This result contributes to a characterization of the setting process of RMGIs.     

Right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt versus modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome - influence on early and late haemodynamic status.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess changes in early and late haemodynamic status after the Norwood procedure (NP), caused by the implementation of right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt (RV-PA). METHODS: A consecutive series of 68 children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome underwent NP: Group 1 (n=31) with the application of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt and Group 2 (n=37) with RV-PA. Haemodynamic data from the early postoperative period (72 h after the operation) and cardiac catheterisation data, as well as blood tests before the hemi-Fontan procedure (HF) were analysed. Univariate (chi(2) test, Mann-Whitney's and Student's t-tests) and multiple regression analysis were carried out. RESULTS: In Group 1, circulatory collapse requiring resuscitation occurred in 15 (48.4%) children, within 72 h after the procedure. The resuscitation was unsuccessful in nine (29%) cases. The operative mortality (30 days) was 35%. In Group 2, two (5%) children died within the early and two (5%) within the late postoperative period. The postoperative course in the remaining children from Group 2 was uneventful. In Group 2 there was a significantly higher mean diastolic pressure after NP (P<0.05). The arterial pulse pressure after NP was significantly lower in Group 2 (P<0.05). Before HF, the application of RV-PA was associated with a lower Qp:Qs ratio (P=0.020), lower aortic pulse pressure (P=0.004) and lower aortic oxygen saturation (P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: A stable haemodynamic status due to independent coronary perfusion, higher diastolic and lower pulse pressure is the most advantageous effect of RV-PA, resulting in a lower mortality and morbidity after NP. A lower Qp:Qs ratio eliminates the danger of the ventricular volume overload and ensures good conditions for the development of the pulmonary circulation before HF.     

Value of autologous chondrocyte transplantation in experimental cartilage defects reconstruction. Part II: Microscopic analysis of reconstructed cartilage structural integrity and surface regularity]

Experimental and clinical tests proved that cultured, autologous chondrocytes retain their properties and have ability to reconstruct hyaline-like cartilage, which represents chemical composition and biomechanical characteristics similar to normal hyaline cartilage. The aim of this part of the study was microscopic evaluation of repair tissue structural integrity and surface regularity after autologous chondrocyte transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Repair of partial thickness cartilage defect (ICRS III(o) grade) on distal femur joint surface was evaluated (25 adolescent rabbits). Procedures were performed in two groups: I--autologous chondrocyte transplantation under periosteal flap, II--periosteal graft. Chondrocytes were isolated from the cartilage specimens by enzymatic digestion and cultured in vitro. The follow-up periods were established at 4, 8, 12 weeks. Repair tissue was evaluated microscopically according to modified O'Driscoll scale. RESULTS: In group I, 4 weeks after the procedure surface of the reconstructed tissue was irregular. 8- and 12-week observation found the surface regular and plain, and repair tissue exhibited complete structural integrity. In group II, in all follow-up periods regenerate surface was irregular, there was many fissures and cracks in graft tissue, and in several cases--regenerate disintegration. CONCLUSION: Obtained results indicate, that hyaline-like cartilage reconstructed after autologous chondrocyte transplantation was characterized by regular, plain surface and complete structural integrity.