长短InterTan髓内钉治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的效果比较

目的:比较长短InterTan髓内钉治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析2017年1月-2019年10月安徽医科大学附属合肥医院收治并获得随访的61例不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者资料.根据髓内钉主钉长度分为短钉组(n=30)和长钉组(n=31).比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期输血率、并发症发生率...     

新型微创前置肱骨中下段解剖锁定钢板的设计及相关解剖研究

目的 探讨应用自行研制的3.5 mm新型前置肱骨中下段解剖锁定钢板微创治疗肱骨干中下段骨折的可行性和安全性.方法 新鲜冷冻成人上肢6具,分别于上臂前侧远近端做3 cm皮肤切口,通过肌下隧道插入钢板,经切口打入螺钉固定.原位解剖重要神经结构,观察其与钢板的关系,测量桡神经在不同位置与钢板外侧缘、钢板最远端内侧与正中神经、螺钉头部与桡神经沟处桡神经的距离.结果 新增前置肱骨中下段解剖锁定钢板远端的绝大部分被肱肌覆盖,其与桡神经、肌皮神经及正中神经之间隔有肱肌肌腹,钢板与桡神经之间分别在穿经外侧肌间隔以及冠状窝水平的距离平均分别为14.53 mm和8.38 mm,桡神经穿经外侧肌间隔至冠状窝上缘连线中点处的平均距离为8.39 mm;屈肘80°和伸肘0°位时钢板最远端内侧与正中神经的距离平均分别为11.89 mm和l0.53mm,由近向远的第3枚螺钉头部与桡神经沟近侧缘的距离平均为5.90 mm.结论 采用自行研制的新型前置解剖锁定钢板微创固定肱骨干中下段骨折理论上是可行且安全的.

Abstract：

Objective To verify the feasibility and safety of a self-designed anatomical anterior locking plate for minimally invasive treatment of mid-distal humeral fractures. Methods Six fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens of upper extremity were used for the present anatomic study.A 3 cm incision was made on the anterior side of the arm between the deltoid muscle and biceps muscle and another 3 cm incision was made along the lateral side of biceps muscle proximal to the cubital crease to expose the anterior cortex.The plate was inserted from the distal incision proximally and positioned on the anterior side of the humeral shaft.The biceps muscle and brachialis were dissected to expose the radial,musculocutaneous and median nerves in situ.Relationships between the plate and nerves were observed.The distances between the lateral border of the plate and the radial nerve were measured where the nerve pierced the lateral intermuscular septum and at the point above the coronoid fossa and at the middle of the above 2 points.The distances between the distal end of the plate and the median nerve were measured when the elbow was in 80° flexion and full extension.The distance between the head of the third proximal screw and the spiral groove was also measured. Results Most part of the plate was covered by the brachial muscle.There was no direct contract between the plate and the radial,musculocutaneous and median nerves,all separated by the muscle belly of the brachialis.The average distances between the lateral border of the plate and the radial nerve where the nerve pierced the lateral intermuscular septum and at the superior edge of the coronoid fossa and at the middle of the 2 points were 14.53 mm (range,13.1 to 17.1 mm),8.38 mm (range,4.2 to 11.3 mm) and 8.39 mm (range,0 to 13.9 mm) respectively.The average minimum distances between the medial border of the distal end of the plate and the median nerve when the elbow was in 80° flexion and full extension was 11.89 mm (range 9.6 to 15.5 mm) and 10.53 mm (range 9.0 to 12.1 mm) respectively.The average distance between the head of the third proximal screw and the spiral groove was 5.90 mm (range,4.2 to 7.1 mm). Conclusions Our novel anatomical anterior locking plate is theoretically safe for the minimally invasive treatment of mid-distal humeral fractures.     

新型微创肱骨前置解剖锁定钢板固定肱骨干中下段骨折的生物力学研究

目的验证自行研制的新型前置肱骨中下段解剖锁定钢板(以下简称新型钢板)的力学特性,为改进设计以及临床应用提供理论依据。方法采集20例防腐肱骨标本,进行肱骨中下段骨折钢板构件的生物力学测试,比较新型钢板(A组)与4.5 mm有限接触动力加压钢板(limited contact dynamic compression plate,LC-DCP)(B组)在压缩、弯曲(正向、侧向)和扭转载荷下的生物力学性能。结果新型钢板固定肱骨中下段骨折在4种不同载荷下的刚度、强度和应力遮挡的结果均优于4.5 mm LC-DCP,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论新型钢板能够满足肱骨干中下段骨折固定术后早期功能锻炼需要,具有较大临床应用价值。     

肱骨远端关节面剪切骨折治疗进展

肱骨远端关节面剪切骨折是一种少见的肘部损伤,系暴力经桡骨头撞击肱骨远端,造成肱骨小头和滑车骨折所致。Bryan-Morrey分型常用于指导骨折治疗。保守治疗要达到骨折准确复位和维持复位困难,缺血性坏死发生率明显增加;切开复位内固定是治疗的理想选择,但手术入路和内固定材料的选择存在争议,文献中多推荐肘外侧入路和空心螺钉内固定。对特殊类型骨折,骨折块切除术和肘关节置换术可取得很好疗效;关节镜下复位内固定成为一种新型微创治疗方式。术后早期进行功能锻炼,是肘关节功能恢复的关键步骤。     

切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折疗效观察

目的：观察切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折的临床效果。方法32例肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折患者,采用切开复位内固定术治疗。结果术后随访12～60个月,平均25．3个月。患者骨折均愈合,愈合时间为6～15周,平均9．7周。 Mayo肘关节功能评分70～100分,平均90．3分;其中优20例,良11例,可1例。结论切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨远端冠状面剪切骨折疗效较好。     

髓内固定与钉板固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的：对比观察两种方法（髓内固定系统和钉板固定系统）治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效,为临床推广作出指导。方法选择53例股骨粗隆间骨折患者为研究对象,按手术方法分为髓内组和钉板组,髓内组采用髓内固定系统治疗,钉板组采用钉板固定系统治疗,比较两组患者术中、术后的各项指标以及治疗后的临床疗效。结果①两组患者术中、术后各项指标的比较：髓内组术中、术后各项指标均优于钉板组,其结果比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;②两组患者临床疗效的比较：髓内组的优良率为88．89％,钉板组的优良率为88．57％,其结果比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论髓内固定系统和钉板固定系统治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效均较好,但髓内固定系统具有切口小、出血少和恢复快等优势。     

预置阻挡钉在治疗胫骨螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折中的作用

目的探讨预置阻挡钉在治疗胫骨中下1/3螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折中的作用。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2020年6月收治的24例胫骨中下1/3螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折患者临床资料。所有患者均采用预置阻挡钉技术,并进行髓内钉及空心钉内固定治疗。术后记录胫骨正位X线片上冠状面力线(胫骨远端外侧角)、膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、患肢踝关节背屈活动受限角度和美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分评价疗效。结果所有患者均直接获得骨折端复位,未发生感染、内固定失败、骨折畸形愈合、创伤性关节炎等并发症。术后基于X线片测得的胫骨远端外侧角平均89.3°±4.2°,膝关节VAS评分平均(1.4±0.5)分,踝关节背屈活动受限平均6.8°±1.7°;AOFAS踝-后足评分平均(92.3±5.8)分,优良率为91.7%。结论预置阻挡钉可有效协助骨折复位,恢复下肢力线,联合髓内钉及空心钉内固定治疗胫骨中下1/3螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折,可获得满意疗效。