甘露醇致急性肾衰竭

本文概述了甘露醇致急性肾功能衰竭的发病机理、诱发因素及预防、治疗措施。     

＂一字＂法内眦赘皮矫正术联合睑袋整复术的效果评价

目的 探讨＂一字＂法内眦赘皮矫正术联合睑袋整复术的临床应用效果及评价.方法 由设计的新内眦点处＂一字＂ 法横切开内眦赘皮,切口延至下睑缘5mm左右,分离内眦部的皮下粘连,剪除部分错构组织,形成新的内眦,再将下睑缘切口延至外眦部,切开皮肤、皮下组织,行睑袋整复术,术中将眶隔脂肪释放、重置,紧缩眶隔,去除部分肥厚的眼轮匝肌和松弛的皮肤.结果 本组18例患者,术后均取得较好的治疗效果.随访1~14个月,内眦赘皮消失,基本无瘢痕遗留,双眼间距适当,双睑外形美观,睑袋改善明显,无并发症发生,达到眼周年轻化的良好效果.结论 ＂一字＂法内眦开大术联合睑袋整复术,较好地矫正了内眦赘皮和下睑松弛,达到了眼周年轻化的美容效果.     

女性尿失禁患者尿动力学检查

目的:了解尿动力学检查在诊断女性尿失禁中的意义.方法:选取200例女性尿失禁患者为病例组和因上尿路疾病需要手术治疗而下尿路功能正常的20例女性患者为对照组.病例组依据临床和尿动力学检查结果分为急迫性尿失禁患者90例,真性压力性尿失禁患者70例,充溢性尿失禁患者40例.比较各组病例与对照组之间尿动力学参数的差异.结果:真性压力性尿失禁组的最大逼尿肌排尿压、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力、最大尿道压和最大尿道闭合压显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);急迫性尿失禁组最大膀胱压测定容量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);充溢性尿失禁组最大尿流率、膀胱顺应性、最大逼尿肌排尿压和最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力显著低于对照组,残余尿量和排尿前最大逼尿肌压力显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:尿动力学检查能为女性尿失禁患者的诊断和治疗提供客观依据.     

电刺激盆底肌治疗女性真性压力性尿失禁效果及尿动力学变化

目的:观察电刺激盆底肌治疗女性真性压力性尿失禁(GSI)效果及尿动力学变化.方法:35例GSI女性患者,使用神经肌肉电刺激治疗仪行盆底肌电刺激治疗.每周3次,疗程12周.治疗前、后分别记录排尿日记,填写国际尿失禁咨询委员会问卷简表(ICI-Q-SF),并进行尿动力学测定.结果:18例(51%)白天尿失禁症状消失,12例(35%)明显改善,5例(14%)无改善.治疗后总排尿次数、总漏尿事件次数和ICI-Q-SF评分显著低于治疗前,功能性膀胱容量显著高于治疗前(P＜0.05);尿动力学检查显示治疗后valsalva漏尿点压、最大尿道压和最大尿道闭合压显著高于治疗前(P＜0.05).结论:神经肌肉电刺激治疗仪可用于治疗女性真性压力性尿失禁,尿动力学检查是评估其疗效的重要方法.     

成年女性膀胱尿道功能障碍患者B超影像尿动力学检查

目的:探讨B超影像尿动力学检查在评估成年女性膀胱尿道功能障碍中的应用价值.方法:用B超影像尿动力学检查方法对39例成年女性膀胱尿道功能障碍患者进行评估.结果:39例膀胱尿道功能障碍患者中压力性尿失禁14例(38.9%),膀胱过度活动症8例(20.5%),逼尿肌无收缩12例(30.8%),原发膀胱颈口梗阻5例(12.8%).尿动力学检查显示压力性尿失禁患者最大尿道闭合压(6.7±3.1)kPa,逼尿肌无收缩患者残余尿量(424.4±241.1)ml,膀胱顺应性(196.9±149.0)ml/kPa.耻骨上B超显示逼尿肌无收缩和膀胱颈口梗阻患者膀胱壁增厚9例,会阴部B超和阴道B超显示压力性尿失禁患者膀胱颈口表现漏斗状12例,尿道增宽7例.结论:B超影像尿动力学检查可以提供更多的膀胱尿道形态和功能信息,提高了膀胱尿道功能障碍诊断的准确性.     

电刺激联合盆底肌训练治疗女性压力性尿失禁合并特发性逼尿肌过度活动的疗效观察

Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy of pelvic floor electrical stimulation (PFES) and pelvic floor training (PFT) for female with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods PFES and PFT were performed on 70 women (average age 40±7 years old) with IDO and SUI for twelve weeks. Urinary diary, International Continence In-quiring Committee's Questionnaire (ICI-Q-SF) scores were recorded and urodynamic study was per-formed before and after the treatment. Results Fifty women (71%) finally completed treatment for twelve weeks. Urinary incontinence disappeared in 8 (16%), detrusor overactivity disappeared in 10 (20 %). The leakage was not found in 6 (12 %) in leakage point pressure measurement. Moreover, the frequency of voiding (28±5 times/72 h), frequency of leakage (10±5 times/72 h), total scores of ICI-Q-SF(10±3), max detrusor uninhibited contraction pressure (18±8 cmH20) and detrusor unin-hibited contraction duration (8±3 s) were significantly lower than those before treatment (43±8 times/72 h, 20±6 times/72 h, 17±3, 27±9 cm H2O and 13±6s,P<0.01). Maximal voided vol-ume(225±48 ml), normal desired cystometric capacity (210±48 ml), maximal cystometric capacity (247±48 ml), Valsalva leak point pressure (94±11 cm H2O) and maximal urethral closure pressure (59±8 cm H2O) were significantly higher than those before treatment (159±37 ml, 141±39ml, 178±36ml, 81±15 cm H2O and 55±8 cm H2O, P<0.01). The effective rate during three months follow up was 60%, similar to time after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Pelvic floor electrical stimulation and pelvic floor training could be a useful therapy to treat women with IDO and SUI. It is both convenient and economical.     

电刺激联合盆底肌训练治疗女性压力性尿失禁合并特发性逼尿肌过度活动的疗效观察

Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy of pelvic floor electrical stimulation (PFES) and pelvic floor training (PFT) for female with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods PFES and PFT were performed on 70 women (average age 40±7 years old) with IDO and SUI for twelve weeks. Urinary diary, International Continence In-quiring Committee's Questionnaire (ICI-Q-SF) scores were recorded and urodynamic study was per-formed before and after the treatment. Results Fifty women (71%) finally completed treatment for twelve weeks. Urinary incontinence disappeared in 8 (16%), detrusor overactivity disappeared in 10 (20 %). The leakage was not found in 6 (12 %) in leakage point pressure measurement. Moreover, the frequency of voiding (28±5 times/72 h), frequency of leakage (10±5 times/72 h), total scores of ICI-Q-SF(10±3), max detrusor uninhibited contraction pressure (18±8 cmH20) and detrusor unin-hibited contraction duration (8±3 s) were significantly lower than those before treatment (43±8 times/72 h, 20±6 times/72 h, 17±3, 27±9 cm H2O and 13±6s,P<0.01). Maximal voided vol-ume(225±48 ml), normal desired cystometric capacity (210±48 ml), maximal cystometric capacity (247±48 ml), Valsalva leak point pressure (94±11 cm H2O) and maximal urethral closure pressure (59±8 cm H2O) were significantly higher than those before treatment (159±37 ml, 141±39ml, 178±36ml, 81±15 cm H2O and 55±8 cm H2O, P<0.01). The effective rate during three months follow up was 60%, similar to time after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Pelvic floor electrical stimulation and pelvic floor training could be a useful therapy to treat women with IDO and SUI. It is both convenient and economical.     

特应性和非特应性哮喘患儿血清总IgE、FeNO和外周血EOS的相关性研究

目的 探讨特应性哮喘和非特应性哮喘患儿血清总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)水平和外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)的相关性。方法 收集我院儿科特应性哮喘患儿105例、非特应性哮喘患儿84例以及对照患儿80例。通过采用化学发光法检测血清总IgE水平、使用NO分析仪检测FeNO水平及通过自动血细胞分析仪检测外周血EOS计数和比例。比较各组血清总IgE水平、FeNO水平及外周血EOS计数和比例的差异。Logistic回归分析特应性哮喘的影响因素，受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析3个指标对特应性哮喘的预测价值。结果 与对照组和非特应性哮喘组相比，特应性哮喘组血清总IgE水平、FeNO水平及外周血EOS计数和比例升高(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，外周血EOS比例(OR=1.259,95%CI:1.039～1.525)、血清总IgE水平(OR=1.003,95%CI:1.001～1.005)、FeNO水平(OR=1.087,95%CI:1.019～1.158)升高是特应性哮喘患儿发病的影响因素。ROC曲线结果显示，外周血EOS比例(AUC=0.789,...     

老年患者尿动力检查前后影响因素评估的临床研究

目的研究672例老年患者尿动力检查前后影响因素,探讨影响检查结果的相关因素,并提出处理对策。方法研究郑州大学第一附属医院2010年6月-2012年6月对672例60岁以上老年患者尿动力学检查的临床资料,根据老年患者自身生理特点、合并症、文化程度、理解力制定并实施相关的检查事项。结果在672例老年患者中检查成功670例,平均检查时间35.4min,其中2例因患者过于紧张而坚决放弃检查。检查成功率99.7%。结论应从多方面对老年患者尿动力检查前后的影响因素进行评估,可增加患者检查的依从性,又能确保尿动力学检查结果的准确性。