低剂量辐射增强小鼠肿瘤基因-放射治疗效应的免疫学机制研究

目的 探讨低剂量辐射全身照射对小鼠Lewis肺癌移植肿瘤基因-放疗方案中的免疫增强作用机制。方法 小鼠右后肢皮下接种Lewis肺癌细胞建立荷瘤模型,基因-放疗组中小鼠肿瘤局部注射由多聚乙烯亚胺包裹的pEgr-IL18-B7.1重组质粒,分别接受由2 Gy 局部照射和0.075 Gy 全身照射组合的不同治疗方案,通过³H-TdR标记方法检测小鼠CTL和NK细胞毒活性,ELISA方法检测TNF-α和IFN-γ分泌活性,观察各治疗组对荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤免疫的作用。结果 在pEgr-IL18-B7.1基因治疗方案中,单次大剂量辐射局部照射后加多次低剂量全身照射与常规多次大剂量辐射局部照射相比,小鼠CTL和NK细胞毒活性显著增强,TNF-α和IFN-γ分泌活性有不同程度的增高。 结论 低剂量辐射可以通过促进CTL和NK细胞毒效应,上调TNF-α和IFN-γ细胞因子表达,从而增强机体抗肿瘤免疫功能,提高肿瘤基因-放疗的抑瘤效果。     

外固定器治疗跟骨粉碎跟距关节面凹陷骨折6例

1984年8月至1986年11月,作者对跟骨粉碎跟距关节面凹陷移位严重的骨折采用了孟和设计,河南焦作市骨科医疗器械厂生产的胫腓骨骨折复位外固定器治疗。此法简便,易于操作,创防小,病员痛苦少。牵引后复位容易,穿针外固定后立即可活动踝关节、足趾关节,骨折愈合快,功能恢复颇为理想。现报告如下。     

脑室型脑囊虫病诊断的几点认识

脑室内囊虫与脑室内肿瘤从临床和造影上往往很难区别。本文选择性报道3例,并简要讨论脑室型脑囊虫病诊断的几点认识。例1.男,53岁。5年半来常发作性头痛,有时伴全身抽搐,意识丧失、小便失禁。约月余发作1次,每次均与变动头位有关。4年来感左铡肢体笨拙无力,伴间歇性多饮多尿。体检:慢性病容,神情痴呆,项强。双瞳孔光反应迟钝。双眼球上下视障碍,左向水平眼球震颧。双眼视乳头水肿。左上下肢肌力4级,共济运动失调。腰穿压力20.58kPa(210mmH_2O)、脑脊液细胞数30个/mm~8。血囊虫PHA(间接血凝)1:256(阳性)、脑脊液PHA1:16(阳性)。CT扫描显示双侧脑室对称扩大,Ⅲ脑室后部圆形扩张,与脑脊液一致性低密度Ⅳ脑室未显示。脑室造影:Ⅲ脑室后部有3cm直径圆形充盈缺损,导水管以下未显示。术中见Ⅲ脑室后部右侧璧、室管膜下1mm有浅蓝色囊泡。切开流出清亮囊液,随之冲出灰白色菲薄软膜,有白色囊虫头节附在囊壁上。     

肾上腺组合性嗜铬细胞瘤四例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and management principles of com-posite pheochromoeytoma of adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma). Methods Four cases of composite tumor of adrenal gland diagnosed pathologically were reviewed. All the cases were male, aged 37 to 62 years;three of them had the history of hypertension, one of them accompanied with paroxysmal palpitation, while one case was asymptomatic. Computerized tomography and ultra-sonography showed single tumor in adrenal, the diameter was about 2.5、3.8、6.3、15cm respectively. Two cases showed positive results in 131Ⅰ-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. One case showed positive result in 99Tcm-hydrazinonicotinamide-3trysinoctreotide (HTOC) scintigraphy. Twenty-four hours urinary catecholamine examination revealed the average of norepinephrine, epi-nephrine and dopamine were (196.1±92.2)nmol/24 h, (26.6±8.9)nmol/24 h, (1957.9±913.5) nmol/24 h respectively. Two cases were at a little elevated level and the others with normal. All cases were managed with α-adrenergic receptor blocker preoperatively for 2-4 weeks. Results Tumor re-section was performed in all 4 cases, and 3 cases by retroperitoneal laparoscopy, one by open surgery. All 4 cases were diagnosed as composite pheochromocytoma of adrenal (Pheochromocytoma-gangli-oneuroma) by pathology. All patients had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during follow-up from 15 to 38 months. Two of three cases with hypertension reverted to normotensive. Conclusions Composite pheochromocytoma of adrenal is rare, difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively. Except mild in eatecholamine secretion, which clinical manifestations are similar to pheochromocytoma. Pheochro-mocytoma-ganglioneuroma is no apparent tendency for aggressive behaviors, the results of surgical management are favorable.     

安慰人，你会么？

总是有那样一个时刻，朋友有难，需要你的安慰和帮助。如何有效地安慰到对方，这个貌似简单的行为却有着聪明的技巧。     

治疗腰椎间盘突出症、漏诊、脊髓外转移癌1例

患者,男,4 1岁。因腰骶部疼痛2 + 年。伴双下肢麻木2 + 月。无大小便失禁,无双下肢活动受限,无外伤史。应用理疗、封闭后稍缓解。查体:脊柱生理弯曲存在,L5～S1椎旁压痛并放射致双下肢麻木,双侧直腿抬高试验5 0°,阳性,加强试验阳性,双拇背伸肌力减弱,鞍区感觉无减退。CT示:L5～S1椎间盘突出症(中央型)。手术中行硬膜外麻醉(L1,2 )。术中见L5～S1黄韧带增厚,L5硬膜下中间有一1.5cm×2 .0cm圆形突出物,压迫硬脊膜,手术切除突出髓核,神经根管扩大,硬膜及神经根充分减压。术后1天出现双下肢肌力Ⅱ级、大小便失禁、肛门括约肌松弛,鞍区及双…     

立体定向开放显微手术治疗脑内致痫小病灶

目的脑内致癫痫小病灶术前、术中的精确定位和病灶切除,是手术治疗效果的关键。探讨立体定向开放微创手术,皮层电极监测下切除脑内致痫小病灶的手术方法。方法53例症状性癫痫病例,CT、MR I检查有脑内小病灶(直径在0.5~3.0 cm),24 h视频脑电图确认致痫灶为脑内单发病灶。ASA 601S型立体定向仪CT引导辅助全麻环钻开颅,导针穿刺放置导管引导,显微镜下手术分离、切除病灶,皮层脑电图确认将致痫灶切除。结果病灶全切率达96.2%,术后50例得到随访,随访时间5~12个月,平均6.3个月,癫痫消失45例,脑电图检查记录到癫痫波11例,临床癫痫发作5例。因肺癌死亡3例。结论CT立体定向引导,显微手术切除颅内致痫小病灶,术中皮层电极确认将致痫灶切除,是一种定位精确、微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

花椒浸液影响蟾蜍神经干动作电位的实验研究

本文应用电生学方法了不同浓度的花椒液对蟾蜍离体神经干Ａ、Ｃ两类纤维动作电位幅度和传导速度的影响。结果表明：花椒浸液对Ａ、Ｃ两类纤维动作电位幅度和传导速度均有明显抑制效应。而且随着花椒液浓度的增高，两类纤维动作电位幅度明显下降，动作电位消失时间明显缩短。