基于纹理和空间特征的中分辨率影像滨海水产养殖用地提取研究

近年来,水产养殖用地分布广泛,但由于其在影像上所表现的复杂性和不均匀性,造成该用地类型提取中的困难,尤其针对中分辨率遥感影像。对此,本文提出了一种基于纹理和空间特征的养殖用地提取方法,该方法主要包括3个步骤：首先,利用纹理熵和归一化差异水体指数NDWI实现水产养殖用地的粗提取;然后,依据相邻地物间的关系实现同类型地物合并;最后,本文构建一种相对宽度作为地物的近似宽度,再次利用NDWI实现水产养殖用地的准确识别。本文以越南万丰湾为研究区域,以Landat-8融合影像（融合后的像元大小为15 m）的目视解译结果为标准,对本文方法与最小距离法分类结果进行比较。实验结果表明,该方法的精度可达91.13%,远高于传统的面向对象方法,并且所提方法的错误率和虚假率分别为0.09%和8.87％,表明了该方法可靠性,因而该方法可为基于中分辨率影像的地物类型提取提供一种有效手段。     

南沙珊瑚岛礁的地理性质认识（英文）

As is well-known, Nansha Islands in the South China Sea(SCS) are of important strategic position and invaluable ecological value. Therefore, many attentions are paid to either the political and legal aspects of exposed features that matter in the maritime delimitation, or the physical and geographical characteristics of coral reefs that are the predominant structures of these islands. However, it seems that they consistently lose the connection of sciences and humanities in the research of Nansha Islands in the SCS. In this study, we carry out a combinative research, based on remote sensing data using satellite imagery analysis together with historical materials using literature investigation, so as to reconsider to the geographical characteristics of Nansha Islands from a standpoint of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS). After thoroughly appraising the statuses of these newly formed sand cays, several high tide features of Nansha Islands are identified. By means of the comparison of satellite images coupled with reference to nautical charting and sailing directions during different time periods, we can conclude that the statuses of these high tide features formed on reef platforms are relatively stable due to the growth of reef-building organisms although their migration patterns are subject to external disturbances, and hence the cursory judgment pursuant to the relevant provisions of the UNCLOS about whether a coral reef belongs to a low tide elevation only based on outdated references or ex parte evidences is not reliable. Moreover, it is accordingly justified to improve further development and perfection of the maritime legislation by eliminating such ambiguities with the growth of coral reefs and the evolution of sand cays being both taken into account.     

全球变化下中国南海诸岛珊瑚礁热压力临时避难所研究

选取第五次耦合模式比较计划（CMIP5）模式中较适宜于南海海表面温度（SST）模拟的加拿大地球系统模式(CanESM2),并获取其在IPCC RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5温室气体排放情景下模拟的2006-2100年南海SST数据。基于南海诸岛珊瑚礁和线性回归方法分析了RCPs情景下的珊瑚礁区夏季SST上升趋势,并基于热周指数(DHW, Degree Heating Weeks)及年白化时间指数分析了RCPs情景下的南海诸岛珊瑚礁热压力临时避难所,主要得出以下结论：① RCPs情景下,明显变暖的珊瑚礁海域均为南沙群岛;② 年白化时间不晚于全球珊瑚礁平均年白化时间的珊瑚礁像元占南海诸岛总珊瑚礁像元的比例,在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下分别为17%、29%和42%,均分布在南沙群岛;③ RCPs情景下,较高纬度的西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛北部为未来南海诸岛珊瑚礁热压力临时避难所。     

椭球面三角形外心的地图代数解法

椭球面三角形外心到3个相邻顶点的大地线距离都相等。面向椭球面空间的外心大地坐标的求解对于椭球面Voronoi图的生成和椭球面Delaunay三角网的构造具有重要作用。利用基于地图代数理论的矢栅结合方法,首先基于地图代数测地变换建立高精度椭球面空间距离场,再通过边界跟踪配对确定外心所在的栅格范围,最后通过数值计算内插生成初始等距点并不断逼近外心的精确大地坐标。试验结果表明,采用本文方法求解的椭球面三角形外心大地坐标,在103~104 km跨度内其定位误差小于0.001m,且算法非常适用于海量空间数据的高精度快速计算。     

基于地图代数的地球椭球面空间分析系统的研究与设计

基于地图代数方法和组件式GIS开发技术研究了地球椭球面空间分析系统的设计和原型开发。系统实现了地球椭球面上的长度和面积度量、航迹线可视化、缓冲区生成、Voronoi图构造等特色功能,对于传统的以投影平面为基础的空间分析方法进行了改进,特别适用于地球椭球面上的空间分析和全球范围内复杂地理数据的快速高精度计算,在数字地球的建设以及其他全球性问题的研究当中可以发挥重要作用。