城市社区老年人生活质量研究

目的 描述社区老年人生活质量的现状,探讨影响老年人生活质量的相关因素.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,应用世界卫生组织生活质量量表和社会支持评定量表等对北京市西城区60~80岁老人进行生活质量调查.结果 在2342名社区老人中,91.89%能获得社会支持,6.32%有焦虑情绪,8.58%有抑郁情绪.老年人的生活质量与家庭类型、家人关系、月收入、退休适应、情绪调节、锻炼、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持等因素有关.结论 北京市西城区老年人生活质量及获得的社会支持均较高,生活质量与家庭类型等诸多因素有关.     

心理干预对社区老年人生活质量的影响研究

目的 探讨心理干预对社区老年人生活质量的影响.方法 将北京市西城区2 342名60～75 岁社区老年人按系统抽样法随机分为干预组和对照组.干预组采取心理讲座、团体心理辅导和个体心理咨询等方法进行心理干预,对照组观察其自然变化,比较两组干预前后生活质量的评分.结果 干预前干预组与对照组各项评分差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);干预后干预组生理领域[(15.4±2.0)分 比(14.7±2.3)分]、心理领域[(15.4±1.4)分比(14.7±1.6)分]、独立性领域[(15.5±1.9)分 比(14.7±2.2)分]、社会关系领域[(15.1±1.3)分比(14.5±1.5)分]、环境领域[(15.5±1.4)分 比(13.7±1.6)分]和总的生存质量评分[(14.9±1.9)分比(14.1±2.3)分]均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 心理干预能提高社区老年人的生活质量,对社区老年人进行心理干预具有重要的公共卫生意义.     

北京市西城区老人的主观幸福度

Background

In 2010 the Beijing Municipal Government promulgated a policy aimed at improving the quality of life and subjective well-being of elderly residents that included a component focused on mental health.

Aim

Identify factors associated with subjective well-being in a representative sample of elderly residents of Xi Cheng District in Beijing.

Methods

This cross-sectional study administered a self-completion survey to a stratified random sample of 2342 residents of Xi Cheng District who were 60 to 80 years of age. The level of well-being was assessed using a validated Chinese version of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Detailed socioeconomic variables were obtained using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Social support, anxiety, and depression were assessed using validated Chinese versions of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).

Results

Among the 2342 respondents, 1616 (69.0%) had a total MUNSH score of 32 or above, indicating a high level of happiness; 423 (18.1%) has a total SSRS score 32 or below, indicating poor social support; 201 (8.6%) had a total SDS score of 53 or above, indicating significant depression; and 126 (5.3%) had a total SAS score of 50 or above, indicating significant anxiety. In the multivariate regression analysis the self-reported level of depression was the most important factor related to well-being. Anxiety, social support, income level, the quality of family relationships, the ability to self-regulate emotions, and regular exercise were also significantly related to well-being; but gender, marital status, age and educational level were not associated with well-being.

Conclusion

Among elderly urban residents in Beijing, self-reports of poor subjective well-being are closely associated with self-reports of depressive and anxiety symptoms and also associated with social factors such as social support, income level and family relationships. Prospective studies are needed to identify the causal relationships of these variables and, based on the findings, to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and well-being of elderly community members.     

北京市西城区社区居民慢性非传染性疾病患病率和相关行为因素调查

目的了解北京市西城区社区居民非传染性疾病(慢性病)患病率以及相关行为因素的流行水平.方法按照分级系统抽样的方法,在北京市西城区抽取25岁以上常住人口进行问卷调查,共计调查社区居民2109人.结果在被调查者中,患心血管疾病568例(26.9%),患高血压和高脂血症分别为506例(24.2%)和377例(18.1%).515例(24.4%)吸烟,253例(12.0%)经常饮酒,1001例(47.9%)超重或肥胖,1251例(60.3%)规律地进行体育锻炼.结论北京市西城区社区居民慢性病患病率较高,行为危险因素较常见,应该有针对性地开展健康教育和健康促进活动.     

社区中未登记入册的精神分裂症患者的调查

社区中未登记入册的精神分裂症患者的调查许亮杨云英巩嘉铠王兰香为探索未登记入册而隐蔽在社区中的精神分裂症患者的特征及其原因，我们对北京市西城区１９９４年１～１２月未登记入册的精神分裂症患者进行调查。１．对象和方法：共调查到１４４例患者，取自北京市西城区...     

精神卫生工作面临的形势和发展策略

精神疾病已成为我国疾病分类中较为严重的一类疾病，精神卫生问题也已作为突出问题引起社会广泛关注，现就精神卫生工作面临的形势和发展策略进行探讨。     

孕妇沙眼衣原体感染危险因素和筛检策略分析

沙眼衣原体感染是最常见的性传播疾病之一.孕妇感染沙眼衣原体危害严重,除引起宫颈炎、尿道炎、子宫内膜炎等疾病外,还会发生早产、胎膜早破等不良妊娠结局,严重影响孕妇和新生儿健康[1,2].我国目前还没有将沙眼衣原体检测列入孕妇产前常规检查项目,因而有必要在进行产前检查的孕妇中开展有重点的筛检.为了解孕妇沙眼衣原体感染的危险因素,为产科医生在工作中对孕妇进行有重点的沙眼衣原体筛检提供参考,我们自2000年1月至2002年12月采用直接免疫荧光法,对825例孕妇进行沙眼衣原体检测,其中67例为阳性,报告如下.