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1.
Phase behavior in liquid crystallization was studied for a series of liquid crystalline (LC) diblock copolymers consisting of rubbery amorphous and side-chain liquid crystalline components, poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) and poly[11-(4′-cyanophenyl-4″-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate] (PLC), respectively, using a time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques, DSC and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The block copolymers used had three kinds of copolymer compositions, 44, 20 and 15 wt% of PLC compositions (BLC44, BLC20 and BLC15, respectively). BLC44 showed a smectic liquid crystalline structure. In the process of liquid crystallization for BLC44, the SAXS peak due to the microphase separation structure existing before liquid crystallization was changed continuously to be at a smaller angular side, and at almost the same time, a new peak appeared at a further smaller angular side and developed. The former peak disappeared with the development of liquid crystallization. The behavior of these SAXS peaks suggests that the microphase separation structure was changed discretely at the transition from isotropic to smectic and that two phases coexist in the early stage of the liquid crystallization. The coexistence of two peaks in the early stage of the liquid crystallization corresponded to the POM observation. In the isotropization process, coexistence of two phases was not observed. For BLC20 exhibiting a cylindrical structure in both isotropic and liquid crystalline states, the liquid crystalline structure was not smectic but probably nematic, and the spacing was changed continuously in liquid crystallization. No liquid crystallization was observed in SAXS, POM and DSC for BLC15. The orientation of smectic layers within lamellar domains was investigated using 2D-SAXS images. The smectic layer was aligned perpendicularly to the lamellar interface. 相似文献
2.
Ganglioside GT1b and, to a lesser extent, GD3, enhanced phosphorylation of a 36 kDa protein (the substrate of protein kinase
C) in the particulate fraction from bovine mammary gland. Sialic acids, asialogangliosides, and GM3 were without effect, and
GD1a conversely inhibited phosphorylation of the 36 kDa protein. The enhanced phosphorylation by GT1b required the simultaneous
presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) and Ca2+. The 36 kDa protein reacted with anti-annexin I in Western blot analysis. Addition of purified annexin I to the reaction
mixture containing the particulate fraction increased the extent of phosphorylated 36 kDa protein, and the phosphorylation
was further enhanced by GT1b. The enhanced phosphorylation of annexin I by GT1b was also dependent on PS and Ca2+. When annexin I was phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C, GT1b inhibited the annexin I phosphorylation. Addition of
epidermal growth factor or insulin to the particulate fraction had little effect on the enhancement. These results suggest
that an enzyme or enzymes other than protein kinase C, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, or insulin receptor kinase
is responsible for the GT1b- and GD3-enhanced phosphorylation of annexin I in the presence of PS and Ca2+. 相似文献
3.
An elastic half plane with an oblique edge crack is considered in this paper. A pair of concentrated forces or point dislocations is assumed to act at an arbitrary point in the half plane. The half plane with an edge crack is first mapped into a unit circle by a rational mapping function so that the following analysis can be carried out on the mapped plane analytically. Then the complex stress functions are derived by separating the whole problem into two parts; one is the principal part corresponding to the infinite plane acted on by concentrated forces or dislocations, the other is the holomorphic part, which can be determined by making use of the property of regularity of complex stress functions. The stress intensity factors of the crack can be calculated with different inclined angles of the crack, and the displacement and stress components at an arbitrary position in the half plane can be expressed explicitly. 相似文献
4.
Masaaki Miyamoto Hiroyuki Koike Toshio Sada Yasuteru Ijima Junichiro Fukushige Norio Nakamura 《Lipids》1991,26(12):1316-1319
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory mediator which is released by various inflammatory cells and produced
by certain tissues, including the kidney. PAF has been shown to increase glomerular permeability to protein and to decrease
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by contracting mesangium. On the basis of these observations, it has been suspected that
PAF may play a role as mediator of glomerular damage in glomerular nephritis. To examine this possibility, we studied the
effects of a specific PAF antagonist, R-75,317, on the development of an experimental model of anti-glomerular basement membrane
(anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis was initiated by injecting rabbit anti-rat GBM serum into rats. Proteinuria
gradually developed after serum injection, plateaued at week 2, and remained at the high level of week 2 throughout the experimental
period (6 wk). Chronic treatment with R-75,317 (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) tended to delay the onset of proteinuria and significantly
accelerated the recovery phase. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) fell to 40% at week 3. R-75,317 treatment completely prevented
this decline of Ccr. Histological changes in this model (glomerular hypertrophy, proliferation of mesangial matrix and interstitial
fibrosis) were also ameliorated by the R-75,317 treatment. The results suggest that PAF may play a role in the development
of glomerulonephritis and that PAF antagonists could be used in the treatment of human renal disease.
Based on a paper presented at the Third International Conference on Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl
Ether Lipids, May 1989. 相似文献
5.
Ohba A. Ohbayashi S. Shiomi T. Takano S. Anami K. Honda H. Ishigaki Y. Hatanaka M. Nagao S. Kayano S. 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》1991,26(4):507-512
A 7-Mb BiCMOS ECL (emitter coupled logic) SRAM was fabricated in a 0.8 μm BiCMOS process. An improved buffer with a high-level output of nearly V CC is adopted to eliminate the DC current in the level converter circuit, and the PMOS transistor has a wide operating margin in the level converter. The configurable bit organization is realized by using a sense-amplifier switch circuit with no access degradation. A wired-OR demultiplexer for the ×1 output, having the same critical path as the ×4 output circuit, allows for the same access time between the two modes. The ×1 or ×4 mode is electrically selected by the external signal. A simplified programming redundancy technology, shift redundancy, is utilized. Address programming is performed by cutting only one fuse in the shift redundancy. The RAM operates at the ECL-10K level with an access time of 7 ns. and the power dissipation at 50 MHz is 600 mW for the × mode 相似文献
6.
On-Line Shape recognition with incremental training using binary synaptic weights algorithm 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Recognition of hand drawn shapes is beneficial in drawing packages and automated sketch entry in handheld computers. In this paper, we propose a new approach to on-line geometric shape recognition with incremental training function, which utilizes a heuristic function to reduce noise and a neural network for classification and on-line training. Instead of recognizing segments of a drawing and then performing syntactical analysis to match with a predefined shape, which is weak in terms of generalization and dealing with noise, we examine the shape as a whole. The main concept of the recognition method is derived from the fact that internal angles are very important in the perceived shape of outlines. Our application's aim is to recognize elliptic, rectangular, and triangular shapes in a way similar to human cognition of these shapes. Human beings recognize such basic shapes regardless of the variations in size, noise on the shape border, rotation and in the case of triangles, regardless of the type of the triangle. The key concept is that the neural network learns the relationships between the internal angles of a shape and its classification, therefore only a few training samples which represent the class of the shape are sufficient. Fast meremental training, which is performed on-line, is accomplished by the use of the Binary Synaptic Weights algorithm, a one pass, feedforward neural network training algorithm. Incremental training offers the advantage of adjusting the recognition capability of the system to the user's drawings. the results are very successful, such that the neural network correctly classified shapes that did not have any resemblance to the shapes in the initial training set. 相似文献
7.
Fe-30Ni alloy specimens were oxidized for 10–240 min at 433–473 K in pure oxygen at a pressure of 1.33×104 Pa. The thickness of oxide films was measured by a multiple-angle-of-incidence ellipsometer. The kinetics of film growth were found to obey a parabolic rate law. The depth-profiling of oxidized surfaces, performed with simultaneous use of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and argon-ion sputter-etching technique, reveals that iron component is selectively oxidized and an iron-depeletion zone is formed in the underlying alloy. The thickness of the iron depletion zone increases with increasing oxidation time or oxidation temperature. During surface oxidation of the alloy, the transport rate of iron component in the film is almost equal to the interdiffusion rate in the underlying alloy, indicating the establishment of a steady state. The values of the interdiffusion coefficient,
, of the underlying alloy estimated from the depth-composition profiles are more than 10 orders of magnitude as large as the values extrapolated from the lattice diffusion data of the corresponding alloy obtained at high temperature. The enormously large values of
may be explained in terms of the vacancy (monovacancy or divacancy)-enhanced lattice diffusion mechanism. 相似文献
8.
Novel nanocomposite films of TiO2 nanoparticles and hydrophobic polymers having polar groups, poly (bisphenol‐A and epichlorohydrin) or copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride, with high refractive indices, high transparency, no color, solvent‐resistance, good thermal stability, and mechanical properties were prepared by incorporating surface‐modified TiO2 nanoparticles into polymer matrices. In the process of preparing colloidal solution of TiO2 nanoparticles, severe aggregation of particles can be reduced by surface modification using carboxylic acids and long‐chain alkyl amines. These TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in solvents were found not to aggregate after mixing with polymer solutions. Transparent colorless free‐standing films were obtained by drying a mixture of TiO2 nanoparticles colloidal solution and polymer solutions in vacuum. Transmission electronic microscopic studies of the films suggest that the TiO2 nanoparticles of 3–6 nm in diameter were dispersed in polymer matrices while maintaining their original size. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the nanocomposite film has good thermal stability and the weight fraction of observed TiO2 nanoparticles in the film is in good accordance with that of theoretical calculations. The refractive index of nanocomposite films of TiO2 and poly(bisphenol‐A and epichlorohydrin) was in the range of 1.58–1.81 at 589 nm, which linearly increased with the content of TiO2 nanoparticles from 0 to 80 wt %. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 相似文献
9.
10.
The molecular orientation and deformation mechanisms of a quenched isotactic polypropylene (iPP) film deformed at temperatures between 303 K and the melting point are studied. At draw temperature TE less than 400 K where the degree of crystallinity does not change markedly, a linear relationship between molecular orientations of the crystalline and the amorphous phases is revealed and the slope is estimated about 1.82. The interpenetrating network (IPN) model, that takes into account the plastic response of the crystalline (C) network formed by a small portion of crystallites adhered through intercrystalline links and the pseudo-affine deformation of the crystallite enhanced amorphous matrix (CEAM) network, is able to account for inhomogeneous deformation behavior on the mesoscale accompanied with the localized necking in this TE range. Meanwhile, the initial Young's modulus and the true yield stress exerted by the deformation of the rigid C network exhibit the Arrhenius type of dependence on TE. The apparent shear modulus of the CEAM network as a function of TE is discussed in relation to variations in numbers and average molecular weights of the crystalline and the amorphous sequences being manifested by small consecutive endothermic and exothermic peaks in the DSC curve. The IPN model becomes invalid for deformations above TE=400 K where morphological changes are induced due to melting of crystallites as proved from the DSC measurement. 相似文献