Surface treatment of titanium dioxide nanopowder using rotary electrode dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopowder (P-25;Degussa AG) was treated using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in a rotary electrode DBD (RE-DBD) reactor.Its electrical and optical characteristics were investigated during RE-DBD generation.The treated TiO2 nanopowder properties and structures were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).After RE-DBD treatment,XRD measurements indicated that the anatase peak theta positions shifted from 25.3° to 25.1°,which can be attributed to the substitution of new functional groups in the TiO2 lattice.The FTIR results show that hydroxyl groups (OH) at 3400 cm-1 increased considerably.The mechanism used to modify the TiO2 nanopowder surface by air DBD treatment was confirmed from optical emission spectrum measurements.Reactive species,such as OH radical,ozone and atomic oxygen can play key roles in hydroxyl formation on the TiO2 nanopowder surface.     

Control Model for Large‐Sized Gantry Type Linear Motor Slider

At present, many industrial carrier devices utilize linear motor sliders. However, a heavier load requires a linear motor (which is an example of a direct drive device) to get higher power, compared with a rotary motor with a ball screw slider (which is an example of an indirect drive device). In order to obtain higher power at a lower cost, a linear slider with multiple motors can be utilized, for example, a gantry type linear motor slider. Moving the gantry type slider requires two linear motors that are set up in parallel to enable synchronization control. Some conventional synchronization control methods have been proposed for the parallel twin linear slider; however, a large‐scaled gantry type linear motor slider has two unique problems: mechanical distortion caused by the limitations of installation environment and coupling caused by joints with low stiffness. This paper proposes a control model to solve these problems, and an identification method of each parameter. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the control model is verified by comparison with simulation results and experimental results.     

Effects of plating factors on morphology and appearance of electrogalvanized steel sheets

Because the lightness, the gloss and the press-formability of electrogalvanized steel sheets change depending on the morphology of deposited Zn, control of this factor is essential to improving these properties. The effects of plating factors on the morphology of deposited Zn were systematically discussed both from the crystallographic viewpoint of epitaxy between Zn and steel and from the electrochemical viewpoint of the overpotential for Zn deposition. Plating factors include crystal orientation of steel substrate, current density, flow rate, temperature, addition of inorganic compounds to the solution and pre-adsorption of organic compounds. These plating factors affect the overpotential for Zn deposition and epitaxy between Zn and steel. The crystal orientation index of the Zn basal plane and the platelet crystal size of Zn are decreased with increasing the overpotential for Zn deposition. They are also decreased with decreasing the epitaxy between Zn and steel, even when the overpotential is kept constant. When the overpotential for Zn deposition is increased, the surface roughness of deposited Zn increases because of an increase in the inclination of the Zn basal plane to the steel substrate. When the epitaxy between Zn and steel is decreased without changing the overpotential, the surface roughness is reduced due to the decrease in platelet crystal size of Zn, although the inclination of the Zn basal plane is somewhat increased. The lightness of deposited Zn is enhanced with decreasing the surface roughness of Zn.     

Development of –1 MV DC Filter and High‐Voltage DC Measurement Systems for ITER NBI

This paper presents the development results of a ?1 MV dc filter and dc measurement systems for an ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) neutral beam injector (NBI) system. High accuracy of 0.5% and fast responsivity of 3.3 μs, ?3 dB are required for the dc measurement systems: both dc voltage dividers and DCCTs. Circuit design and thermal flow design were carried out to clarify and minimize their effects on the accuracy and responsivity. The validity of the established design was demonstrated by the actual‐product tests; temperature rise of each components fell below the allowable value; inner components of dc filter withstood dc ?1.2 MV; each voltage divider accurately measured the voltage during the dc ?1.2 MV withstand voltage test; the voltage dividers and the DCCTs were adequate to the requirements of responsivity (3.3 μs, ?3 dB).     

Ethylene Absorbent to Maintain Quality of Lightly Processed Fruits and Vegetables

Ethylene had an undesirable effect on the quality of kiwifruits, bananas, broccoli, and spinach leaves that were prepared and stored as lightly processed products. A 2.or 20 ppm ethylene treatment hastened the softening of the pulp of kiwifruits and bananas held at 20°C. Use of charcoal with palladium chloride, as ethylene absorbent, prevented the accumulation of the ethylene and was effective in reducing the rate of softening in kiwifruits and bananas and of chlorophyll loss in spinach leaves, but not in broccoli.     

Phase Diagram for a Portion of the System Li2O-Nd2O3-P2O5

In the ternary system Li₂O-Nd₂O₃-P₂0₅, part of the phase diagram relevant to the growth of single LindP₄O₁₂ (LNP) crystals was examined. LNP melts incongruently and decomposes into NdP₃O₉ and liquid at the peritectic temperature of 970°C. For the crystal growth, an Li₂O-P₂O₅ mixture should be used as a flux. The melt compositions from which LNP nucleates were clarified.     

1-乙氧基-2-丙醇/水/癸烷的液液平衡

引　言石油是目前最重要的能源 ,除了液体石油外 ,油砂和油岩也能作为石油资源 .油岩分散存在于砂岩层中 ,只能通过物理的方法开采 ,乳化是可利用的提取方式之一 .为了了解乳化的原理及其体系的变化动态 ,作者曾经考察了 2 乙氧基乙醇、癸烷和水的液液三相平衡[1] .作为系统研     

Direct imaging in a water layer of human chromosome fibres composed of nucleosomes and their higher-order structures by laser-plasma X-ray contact microscopy

X-ray contact microscopy with a 300-ps-duration laser-plasma X-ray source has been used to image hydrated human chromosomes. Clearly imaged are individual nucleosomes and their higher-order particles (superbeads), elementary chromatin fibrils c. 30 nm in diameter and their higher-order fibres of various sizes up to c. 120 nm in diameter. The results demonstrate that X-ray microscopy is now capable of opening a new path of investigation into the detailed structures of hydrated chromosome fibres in their natural state.     

Microstructural development with crystallization of hexagonal boron nitride

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Rinsing Behavior of Deposited Layers Formed on Membranes in Ultrafiltration

Skim milk and aqueous milk protein suspensions were ultrafiltered in a tubular module under controlled conditions (temperature, pressure, flow rate) and were subsequently rinsed with water also under controlled conditions. The effect of rinsing on the deposited layer was followed by observing the flux with time. Ultrafiltration and rinsing should be carried out at high flow rates and at low pressures. Increasing the pressure led to an undesirable increase in the compactness of the deposit. Theoretical considerations of the mechanism of transport in and at the deposited layer made it possible to obtain data on the thickness of the deposits, on mass transfer coefficients and velocity profiles within deposits. The experimental rinsing curves could be well explained by the calculated results. The results should help to optimize the performance and cleaning of UF modules.