Molecular detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains circulating in Nagaland

The antigenic heterogeneity of Orientia in India is still unknown in many disease endemic areas. The present study aims to characterize the strains of O. tsutsugamushi circulating in Nagaland, Northeast India. Two patients clinically diagnosed with ST and hospitalized in Mon district hospital, Nagaland were identified from whom eschar tissues were collected. Both patients demonstrated antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi along with positive PCR amplification for 56 ?kDa gene. The prototype strain TA763 shared 90.4% homology with the sequences. Both the sequences formed a distinctive cluster demonstrating 100% similarity with strains identified from Thailand, Vietnam, China and southern parts of India.     

95例老年患者心脏大血管手术治疗的体会

目的 总结老年患者心脏大血管手术围术期处理经验,提高治疗水平。方法 对施行心脏大血管手术治疗的95例老年患者进行回顾性分析。结果 围术期死亡6例,病死率6.21％,其中多系统器官衰竭(MSOF)3例,低心输出量综合征2例,肾功能衰竭1例;存活患者中出现低心输出量综合征6例,并发多系统器官衰竭6例和肾功能衰竭1例,经积极治疗后治愈;术后出现肺部感染18例;手术切口感染3例;气管切开6例;肢体坏死而截肢1例。结论 年龄不是绝对限制条件,围术期处理得当与否是提高手术成功率的重要环节。     

放射治疗骨转移癌疼痛47例临床分析

目的 观察骨转移癌疼痛放射治疗方法对疼痛的缓解效果。方法47例患者60处骨转移灶均采用6 MV X线放射治疗。剂量方案采用两种方法:A方案:30—51 Gy/10～17f/2～4周,B方案:25～30 Gy/5—6f/1～2周。结果分次方案对疼痛缓解率无明显影响,总有效率均为91.5％,但常规分次放疗3～4次后疼痛缓解,而低分割放疗1—2次后疼痛即缓解。结论 骨转移癌放射治疗止痛效果确切、迅速,副作用小,对大部分病例可采用低分割方案。     

Studies on the pathological effects of feeding betel-nut meal in albino rats.

The pathological effects of betel-nut meal consumption in weaned albino rats were studied for a period of 4 weeks. In higher concentrations (60-100%), toxic effects were observed. The rats showed severe diarrhoea and died within 1-3 weeks depending upon the amount of betel-nut meal consumed. In lower concentrations (5-10%), no grossly detectable pathological changes were observed in any one of the experimental rats. With the increase in the concentration of betel-nut meal in the experimental diets, the pathological changes were intensified gradually. The pathological changes observed in the rats fed with experimental diets containing more than 15% betel-nut meal were necrosis of the buccal and intestinal mucosa, splenomegaly, fatty changes in the liver and stunted skeletal growth. Catarrhal enteritis was observed in the rats fed with 15% betel-nut meal and haemorrhagic gastroenteritis was observed when the concentration of the betel-nut meal was raised above 15%.     

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: cytomorphologic and immunohistochemical analysis

Follicular lymphoma is a relatively uncommon type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) thought to derive from follicular center cells. There are limitations to fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of follicular NHL, and very few studies are available on it. We describe here the cytomorphologic features of eight biopsy-proven cases of follicular NHLs and five biopsy-proven cases of intermediate-grade NHLs. Five cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) diagnosed on cytology were also studied cytomorphologically. Image morphometry was done in follicular and intermediate-grade NHLs, immunocytochemistry was done in follicular and intermediate-grade NHLs, and immunocytochemistry for bcl-2 expression was studied in five cases of follicular NHLs. The aspirate smears of follicular NHL showed the presence of higher grades, many to abundant (++ to +++) monomorphic lymphoid aggregates, with an increased number of mast cells. Lymphohistiocytic tangles and tingeable body macrophages were not observed in any of the cases. Cytomorphologically, all the cases of intermediate-grade NHL showed a predominantly monomorphic population of lymphoid cells with absent or few grades (+) of lymphoid aggregates. Image morphometric data analysis of each cell parameter for follicular and intermediate-grade NHLs were found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) and hence of little help in diagnosis of follicular vs. low-grade NHLs. Immunocytochemistry for bcl-2 expression in follicular NHL showed variable results, ranging from 0-90% (expressed as bcl-2 index). Certain characteristic cytomorphological features such as the presence of monomorphic lymphoid cell aggregates and an increased number of mast cells are soft indicators for the diagnosis of follicular NHL on aspiration smears. Immunocytochemistry for bcl-2 expression may be of help in cases with clinical and cytological suspicion of lymphoma. Image morphometry has a small role in this regard.     

虹膜组织力学特性及瞳孔阻滞力定量研究的方法学探索

目的:寻找一种能对虹膜本构关系以及原发性闭角型青光眼瞳孔阻滞力进行定量研究的方法,为闭角型青光眼的早期诊断及治疗方法的选择和治疗效果的评价提供一种定量标准.方法:根据瞳孔阻滞产生机制,设计瞳孔阻滞力仿真方法;依据力学原理和自定义的虹膜面应变、面积模量等建立虹膜的本构关系.结果:设计了一种不破坏虹膜正常功能和形态学结构,对虹膜组织力学特性及瞳孔阻滞力进行定量研究的方法.     

一种新的去除食油中黄曲霉毒素的去毒剂

本文报道一种新的去除食油中AFBl的去毒剂——AFR的除毒效力。一公斤被AFB_1污染的食油加入2克AFR,搅拌5分钟,自然静置约24小时,其上清部分符合国家食油卫生标准,去毒率可达95—100％,急性毒性,大鼠蓄积毒性、微核及Ames试验结果显示:AFR属于一种无毒的去毒剂,具有使用方便、高效及低耗油等特点。现已通过省级卫生、粮油部门鉴定,并已获“卫生合格证”,批准生产,推广于某些省区,其效果良好。     

Consolidation radiation after complete remission in Hodgkin's disease following six cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine chemotherapy: is there a need?

PURPOSE: Combined modality treatment using multidrug chemotherapy (CTh) and radiotherapy (RT) is currently considered the standard of care in early stage Hodgkin's disease. Its role in advanced stages, however, continues to be debated. This study was aimed at evaluating the role of consolidation radiation in patients achieving a complete remission after six cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy using event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) as primary end points. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-one patients with Hodgkin's disease attending the lymphoma clinic at the Tata Memorial Hospital (Mumbai, India) from 1993 to 1996 received induction chemotherapy with six cycles of ABVD after initial staging evaluation. A total of 179 of 251 patients (71%) achieved a complete remission after six cycles of ABVD chemotherapy and constituted the randomized population. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either consolidation radiation or no further therapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 63 months, the 8-year EFS and OS in the CTh-alone arm were 76% and 89%, respectively, as compared with 88% and 100% in the CTh+RT arm (P =.01; P =.002). Addition of RT improved EFS and OS in patients with age < 15 years (P =.02; P =.04), B symptoms (P =.03; P =.006), advanced stage (P =.03; P =.006), and bulky disease (P =.04; P =.19). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the addition of consolidation radiation helps improve the EFS and OS in patients achieving a complete remission after six cycles of ABVD chemotherapy, particularly in the younger age group and in patients with B symptoms and bulky and advanced disease.