连农923菜豆胚培养技术及愈伤组织诱导研究

以连农923菜豆种子为试验材料,探讨不同外植体取材部位对胚培养的效果,并探索不同激素配比及接种方法对连农923菜豆愈伤组织诱导效果的影响。试验结果表明,在菜豆胚培养过程中,完整胚芽、胚根接种法最适合胚培养;愈伤组织诱导的最佳接种方式为胚芽、胚根切段接种法,最佳培养基为MS基本培养基+2 mg/L 2,4-D,pH值5.8。     

Development of IP and SCAR markers linked to the yellow seed color gene in Brassica juncea L.

Previous studies showed that the yellow seed color gene of a yellow mustard was located on the A09 chromosome. In this study, the sequences of the molecular markers linked to the yellow seed color gene were analyzed, the gene was primarily mapped to an interval of 23.304 to 29.402M. Twenty genes and eight markers’ sequences in this region were selected to design the IP and SCAR primers. These primers were used to screen a BC₈S₁ population consisting of 1256 individuals. As a result, five IP and five SCAR markers were successfully developed. IP4 and Y1 were located on either side of the yellow seed color gene at a distance of 0.1 and 0.3 cM, respectively. IP1, IP2 and IP3 derived from Bra036827, Bra036828, Bra036829 separately, co-segregated with the target gene. BLAST analysis indicated that the sequences of newly developed markers showed good collinearity with those of the A09 chromosome, and that the target gene might exist between 27.079 and 27.616M. In light of annotations of the genes in this region, only Bra036828 is associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. This gene has high similarity with the TRANSPARENT TESTA6 gene, Bra036828 was hence identified as being the gene possibly responsible for yellow seed color, in our research.     

苹小卷叶蛾在6个苹果品种上的发育与繁殖

为探索不同品种苹果对苹小卷叶蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响,在温度(26±1)℃、相对湿度(80±5)%、光周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h的室内条件下,测定了苹小卷叶蛾在小国光、大国光、红玉、祝光、红星和金帅上的发育历期、存活率和产卵量,并组建了其各自的生命周期表。结果显示,苹小卷叶蛾在6个品种上的发育历期差异显著,全世代发育历期以小国光最短(33.95 d),以红玉最长(39.76 d);平均单雌产卵量以红玉最高(107.24粒),小国光次之(85.00粒);而存活率则无显著差异。生命表参数中净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)均以小国光最高,世代平均周期(T)和种群加倍时间(Dt)以小国光最短,表明6种试验品种中小国光是苹小卷叶蛾最适宜的寄主品种。     

日粮鱼油对高脂日粮饲喂小鼠发情周期和机体产热的影响

本研究旨在探讨鱼油对高脂日粮饲喂小鼠发情周期和机体代谢产热的影响。试验选用36只4周龄C57BL/6 J雌性小鼠,随机分成3组（n=12）：对照组、高脂组和高脂+鱼油组。对照组饲喂标准啮齿动物饲料（AIN-93G）,高脂组和高脂+鱼油组分别饲喂高脂日粮（脂肪提供60%能量）和添加5%鱼油（等能替代猪油）的高脂日粮。试验期间,对小鼠体组成（12周龄）、整体代谢（16周龄）、褐色脂肪温度（18周龄）、体核温度（直肠温度,18周龄）和发情周期（20周龄）等进行检测。试验结束后,眼球采血分离血清,检测促卵泡激素（follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH）和雌二醇（estradiol,E2）的水平。此外,采集皮下脂肪、腹部脂肪和肩胛间褐色脂肪,称重并使用Western blot检测脂肪组织中产热相关基因的蛋白表达（UCP1、Cyto C）,使用实时荧光定量PCR检测褐色脂肪组织中产热基因的mRNA表达（UCP1, PRDM16,PGC1α,Cidea,Elovl3）。结果显示,与对照组相比,高脂日粮显著增加了小鼠的体脂含量（12周龄）及皮下和腹部脂肪的沉积量（21周龄）（P<0.05）,而添加鱼油显著降低了高脂饮食引起的体脂含量增加（P<0.05）。另外,高脂日粮导致小鼠的发情周期紊乱,伴随着周期延长、发情期缩短,以及血清中FSH和E2的水平降低（P<0.05）,而添加鱼油可缓解高脂日粮导致的小鼠发情周期紊乱,提高血清中FSH和E2的水平（P<0.05）。同时,添加鱼油可增加高脂饲喂小鼠肩胛间褐色脂肪（interscapular brown adipose tissue,iBAT）和腹股沟白色脂肪（inguinal white adipose tissue,iWAT）中产热相关基因的表达（P<0.05）,进而促进iBAT激活/产热和iWAT褐色化。结果提示,日粮鱼油可缓解高脂日粮导致的发情周期紊乱,可能与BAT激活和WAT褐色化造成的机体代谢产热增强有关。     

The effect of photoperiod and melatonin on plasma prolactin concentrations in female guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in captivity

The present study examined the effects of different photoperiods and melatonin treatment on plasma prolactin concentrations in guanacos, a South American camelid, in captivity. Fourteen adult female guanacos, not gestating or lactating and isolated from males, were studied. The control group was exposed to natural daylight, during short days (N = 7, 10L:14D) and long days (N = 7, 16L:8D). The treatment group (N = 7, 10L:14D) received melatonin implants every 23 days for 6 weeks during long days. Blood samples were taken at intervals of 1 week for 3 weeks, starting the third week of treatment. Prolactin concentrations were measured using competitive ELISA. Plasma concentrations of prolactin in non-lactating female guanacos have seasonal changes, with a higher concentration (p < .001) in short days (3.50 ± 2.24 ng/ml) than long days (1.10 ± 0.91 ng/ml). Melatonin treatment significantly decreases (p < .05) plasma concentrations of prolactin on the 21st day after the treatment. These findings are the first report of an endogenous circannual rhythm of plasma prolactin concentration and the action of melatonin treatment on prolactin secretion in this wild camelid.     

Histomorphological changes between short and long days in ovary guanacos (Lama guanicoe)

This is the first morpho-histological comparison of guanaco ovaries between reproductive (long-days) and non-reproductive (short-days) seasons, and oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) detection. Different stages of follicle development were found in the cortical area, but no corpus luteum was detected. The size and frequency of antral follicles and large atretic follicles were higher in long-day ovaries than short-days, consistent with ovarian activity in this season. Differential expression of ERα and ERβ was observed in follicles at different stages of development between short and long days. These data reveal histological and molecular differences between reproductive and non-reproductive seasons of guanaco ovaries.     

北方粳稻“植生带”育秧设备定向排种装置的研制

为满足超级稻每穴(2±1)粒种子精量播种的特殊农艺要求,在纸夹定位水稻精密育秧设备研究基础上,研发出一种新型超级稻定向排种装置。初步排种试验表明,该装置可将种箱中杂乱无章的稻种分离出来后,在组合滑道上逐渐沿其长轴方向排列成连续的种子流,为超级稻植生带育秧设备的研制提供理论与实践依据。     

Enhancement of Arachidonic Acid Through Protoplast Regeneration Production by Mortierella isabellina Mutagenesis

A developed method was used for the enhancement of arachidonic acid production by M. isabellina. An orthogonal, rotatable and central composite design was applied to determine the optimum conditions for protoplast regeneration mutagenesis. The results showed that a commixture enzyme (cellulase and glusulase) at the concentration of 4%, enzymolysis temperature at 30°C and enzymolysis time on 7.5 h were the optimal conditions, in which the lethality of M. isabellina spores was 78.4%. After mutagenesis and re-screenings, M. isabellina mutant Y-69 was obtained. GC analysis showed that the yield of arachidonic acid by Y-69 (2.92 g·L^?1) was 3.56 times higher than that of the wild-type strain (0.82 g · L^?1). Pass generation tests showed that the properties of Y-69 by mutation were readily inherited.     

浅析真空转鼓过滤机的过滤效果

介绍大庆石化公司硫氰酸钠回收装置真空转鼓过滤机的结构及工作原理,重点讨论影响过滤效果的主要因素,针对进料、预涂效果和真空度等方面的影响,提出所采取的措施,来保证真空转鼓过滤机的过滤效果。