《临证指南医案》温热病应用桂枝的探讨

本文通过对叶天士在《临证指南医案》中四种热性病应用桂枝的医案作理法方药的分析。叶氏在热性病的早期，中期或后期，无论祛邪或扶正都有应用桂枝的实践经验。从中理解和认识《伤寒论》，《金匮要略》中桂枝汤，白虎加桂枝汤，复脉汤等经方的方义和方药配伍的特点。     

甲氨喋呤对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜骨桥蛋白和整合素αVβ3表达的影响

目的 探讨甲氨喋呤对胶原诱导性关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis,CIA)大鼠滑膜骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)及其受体整合素αvβ3表达的影响及其作用机制.方法 建立CIA大鼠模型,分为模型组和甲氨喋呤(MTX)组,后者用MTX进行干预治疗;采用免疫组织化学染色技术检测滑膜组织OPN和整合素αvβ3的表达,ELISA方法检测血清TNF-α水平.结果 ① CIA模型组和MTX组大鼠的滑膜OPN、整合素αvβ3表达均明显高于正常大鼠对照组(均为P<0.01);与模型组比较,MTX组OPN和整合素αVβ3的表达减少(均为P<0.01). ②正常对照组和MTX组大鼠血清TNF-α水平显著性低于模型组大鼠(均为P<0.01).结论 滑膜OPN和整合素αvβ3异常表达在CIA发病中具有重要意义.MTX通过下调滑膜OPN和整合素αvβ3的表达,降低血清TNF-α水平从而达到治疗CIA的作用.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清CA125的测定及其临床意义

目的 了解系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清肿瘤标记物CA125的含量变化及其阳性率,探讨CA125与SLE疾病活动度和浆膜腔积液的关系.方法 采用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法检测37名SLE患者血清CA125水平,收集患者临床资料和实验室检查结果 ,统计SLE患者CA125阳性率,分析其升高与SLE疾病活动度和浆膜腔积液的关系.结果 全部SLE患者血清CA125阳性率为32.4%(12/37),其中活动期患者阳性率为33.3%(8/24),缓解期患者为30.8%(4/13),活动期与缓解期患者间CA125阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),伴有腹水、胸水的患者CA125的阳性率显著高于不伴腹水、胸水的患者(P<0.05).结论 CA125在SLE患者中有较高的阳性率,其升高可能与浆膜渗出有关而与病情活动无关.     

氨苯砜过敏反应综合征一例并文献复习

目的探讨氨苯砜(DDS)过敏反应综合征的临床特征和治疗方法。方法报告1例氨苯砜过敏反应综合征并复习相关文献。结果本例患者服用2周DDS后出现发热、皮疹、肝脾肿大、淋巴结肿大、肝损害、异型淋巴细胞增多和低丙种球蛋白血症,确诊为氨苯砜过敏反应综合征,经糖皮质激素治疗效果显著。结论氨苯砜过敏反应综合征的临床特征为发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大、肝损害和溶血性贫血等。根据DDS的用药史,排除微生物感染和其它相关疾病,可诊断本病。治疗上应尽快使用足量的糖皮质激素并逐步减量维持治疗1个月以上。     

系统性红斑狼疮并心脏瓣膜病变的诊疗体会

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的特点为多脏器损害,伴有异常的免疫反应。心脏瓣膜病变是SLE严重的并发症。本文报告1例SLE合并心脏瓣膜病变患者的临床资料和治疗情况,并复习有关文献。临床资料患者,女,23岁,因“咳嗽、咳痰27d,伴发热20余天”于2006年2月2日入院。患者于27d前无明显诱因出现咳嗽、咳痰,为白色粘痰,量少,未予以诊治。约1周后出现不规则发热、畏寒,体温波动在39.0~40.0℃之间,伴头晕、乏力,仍有咳嗽、咳痰,无胸痛、咯血、心悸、胸闷、尿急、尿频、尿痛、腹痛、腹泻等不适,至当地医院就诊,血常规示WBC1.7×109/L,L41.6%,N50.2%,RB…     

系统性红斑狼疮伴视网膜中央动脉阻塞和脑出血1例报告及文献复习

目的：提高对系统性红斑狼疮合并视网膜中央动脉阻塞的认识。方法：报道1例系统性红斑狼疮合并视网膜中央动脉阻塞,并且复习有关文献。结果：确诊系统性红斑狼疮合并视网膜中央动脉阻塞1例,该患者血清抗核抗体高滴度阳性,抗心磷脂抗体阳性,予以糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂、改善微循环及对症支持治疗,期间患者出现脑出血,手术后病情稳定。结论：系统性红斑狼疮同时出现视网膜血管阻塞与脑循环障碍,提示病情严重,可能与抗磷脂抗体存在重要关联。     

99Tc-亚甲基二膦酸盐对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜及软骨凋亡相关因子的影响

Objective Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats is an animal model of human rheuma-toid arthritis (RA). It is widely used in research of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic targets of RA. This paper was to investigate the therapeutic action of 99Tc-methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP) on CIA rats and its effects on the expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chon-drocytes. Methods CIA rat models were carried out by subcutaneous injection with bovine collagen Ⅱ and incomplete Freud's adjuvant. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, CIA model group (the CIA rats were infused with physiological saline via tail vein daily), 99Tc-MDP group (the C1A rats were injected with 99Tc-Mi)P 0.04 μg 99Tc/kg via tail vein daily) and methotrexate (MTX) group (the CIA rats were in-jected with MTX 1 mg/kg via tail vein weekly). The signs of arthritis were evaluated by arthritis index (AI) scores. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results (1) The signs of arthritis, AI scores and pathological changes of arthrosynovitis in CIA rats were significantly improved by 99Tc-MDP orMTX. (2) The expression of bcl-2 and box in the synoviocytes of CIA model group [(39.30 ± 0.53) %, (27.37 ±2.45)%] was significantly increased compared with control group [(7.56 ± 1. 18)% , (6.14 ± 1.71) % ; q = 46.27, 24.57, all P < 0.001]. In the synovioeytes of 99Tc-M DP group and MTX group, the level of bcl-2 was remarkably decreased [(30.24 ± 2.09) %, (27.25 ± 3.33) %] compared with CIA model group (q = 13.20, 17.56, all P <0.001), while the level of bax was slightly increased and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly decreased. (3)The expression level of bcl-2 and bax in the articular chondro-cytes of CIA model group [(20.20 ± 2.78) %, (36.40 ± 1.67) %] was significantly higher than control group [(9.91±4.09)%, (6.71 ±3.50)%; q=10.51, 37.01, allP<0.001]. Compared with CIA model group, the expression level of bcl-2 in articular chondrocytes of 99Tc-MDP group [(26. 58 ± 2. 52) %] and MTX group [(27.06 ± 1.92) %] was remarksbly increased [(24.26 ± 2.75) %, (23.53 ± 0.74) % ; q = 6.53, 7.01, all P < 0.001]. And the expression level of bax was significantly decread (q = 15.12, 16.04, all P <0. 001) and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly increased. Conclusions The ab-normal expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes was closely related to the occurrence and progression of signs in CIA rats. 99Tc-MDP could improve the signs of arthritis, meanwhile regulate the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular ehondrocytes, suggesting that one of the therapeutic mechanisms of 99Tc-MDP might be related to stimulated synoviocytes apoptosis and reduced articular chondrocytes apoptosis.     

Etanercept联合甲氨蝶呤对类风湿关节炎的疗效观察

目的: 探讨生物制剂肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNFα)抑制剂(Etanercept)联合甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate, MTX)对类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)患者的治疗效果及对血清基质金属蛋白酶3 (matrix metalloproteinase 3, MMP-3)和血清淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A, SAA)的影响。方法: 45例RA患者经过MTX或者MTX和TNFα抑制剂Etanercept联合治疗,采用ELISA方法检测治疗6个月前后血清中MMP-3和SAA的滴度,采用DAS28评分评价疾病活动度和治疗效果,并检测治疗前后患者的血沉、血清C反应蛋白、类风湿因子和抗环瓜氨酸多肽抗体等水平。结果: 经6个月治疗,MTX和TNFα抑制剂Etanercept联合治疗组患者显著有效率(48.1%)明显高于MTX治疗组(27.8%)(P<0.05)。2组患者MMP-3滴度在治疗后均有下降:联合治疗组由治疗前73.3(19.9~135.3)ng·ml^-1下降到40.7(6.7~127.9) ng·ml^-1;MTX组由治疗前75.9(17.8~133.5) ng·ml^-1下降到48.1(16.4~126.0) ng·ml^-1。而对45例患者综合分析发现MMP-3下降程度与治疗后DAS28评分呈负相关(r=-0.577,P<0.01)。SAA在治疗前疾病活动时高滴度,治疗后明显下降与ESR,CRP和DAS28成正相关。2组治疗的不良反应发生率无显著性差异。结论: 生物制剂Etanercept联合MTX治疗RA优于单药MTX治疗。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者热休克蛋白90和白细胞介素18的表达及意义

目的:研究系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者热休克蛋白90(HSP90)和血浆白细胞介素18(IL-18)的表达水平及与疾病活动的关系。方法:运用Westernblot技术检测SLE患者外周血单个核细胞HSP90的表达,ELISA方法检测血浆中的IL-18水平,并与SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)进行相关性分析。结果:⑴SLE患者HSP90的表达水平在活动期组(0.82±0.10)和稳定期组(0.54±0.09)与正常对照组(0.37±0.11)比较均具有显著性差异(分别P<0.01),且活动期组较稳定期组增高更明显(P<0.01);⑵SLE患者血浆IL-18水平在稳定期组(327.82±101.45pg/ml)和活动期组(459.79±134.08pg/ml)均显著高于正常对照组(252.32±76.45pg/ml)(分别为P<0.05,P<0.01);⑶SLE患者的HSP90和IL-18水平与SLEDAI评分之间呈正相关(分别为r=0.80,P<0.01;r=0.49,P<0.01)。结论:SLE患者外周血单个核细胞HSP90和血浆IL-18水平均显著增高,并且与SLE的病情活动密切相关,可能在SLE的发病机制中发挥重要作用。     

类风湿性心脏病合并感染性心内膜炎1例并文献复习

目的:探讨类风湿性心脏病合并感染性心内膜炎(infective endocarditis,IE)的发病机制,了解临床表现,掌握诊治的方法,以提高临床医师对本病的认识。方法:对1例类风湿性心脏病合并IE患者的临床资料进行整理和分析,并复习相关文献。结果:此例类风湿关节炎(RA),患者住院期间出现发热,心脏彩超提示IE。予青霉素抗感染治疗,并联系外科行二尖瓣置换术。术后病检证实类风湿性心脏病合并IE。结论:RA患者不明原因发热,应警惕类风湿性心脏病合并IE,建议尽早防治此并发症。