少数民族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因突变检测

目的 了解贵州省少数民族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(Glucose-6-phosphato dehydrogenase。G6PD)缺乏症的发生率、基因突变类型特点及分布特征。方法 对贵州省苗族、水族、瑶族2566人采用四氮唑蓝定性法初筛、G6PD／6PGD比值法验证，再经错配引物介导的聚合酶链反应／限制性酶切分析法检测中国人常见的基因突变型。结果 检出G6PD缺乏症175例，其中苗族检出G1388A突变7例、G1376T突变1例、A95G突变6例、C1024T突变8例；水族检出G1388A突变12例、G1376T突变24例、A95G突变9例、C1024T突变2例；瑶族检出G1388A突变15例、G1376T突变7例。结论 贵州省是G6PD缺乏症的高发区，贵州省苗族、水族、瑶族中都存在G1388A、G1376T这两种中国人常见G6PD突变型。为了解贵州省少数民族G6PD缺乏症的分布特征提供了原始数据。     

直接测序法与克隆测序法在单核苷酸多态性检测中的比较

目的:了解PCR产物直接测序法与克隆测序法在单核苷酸多态性(SNP)检测上的差别.方法:对2型糖尿病患者的载脂蛋白J外显子2基因及旁侧进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增,分别对其产物进行直接测序和克隆测序.结果:在样本的检测中, PCR产物直接测序法所测序列与43～60 bp以后克隆测序相同;检出一个突变位点并与GenBank( DQ012938)发表序列一致.结论:PCR 产物直接测序法和克隆测序法都是检测SNP的有效方法,但前者不仅特异性强,敏感度高,而且比克隆测序方法更为快速简便,节省材料.     

SH-SY5Y神经细胞中α7神经型尼古丁受体基因沉默对CaM、CaMKⅡ蛋白水平的影响

目的构建稳定的α7 n AChR沉默的神经母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y)细胞,研究α7神经型尼古丁受体(n AChR)基因沉默对钙调蛋白(Ca M)、钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(Ca MKⅡ)水平的影响,了解α7 n AChR神经保护作用及其与阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制的关系。方法将α7 n AChR shRNA重组质转染到SH-SY5Y,用含嘌呤霉素的培养液筛选,挑选阳性克隆后采用实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹方法(Western-blot)检测细胞中α7n AChR mRNA及蛋白表达水平的变化;Western-blot方法测定Ca M、Ca MKⅡ蛋白表达水平。结果获得稳定转染α7 n AChR shRNA重组质粒的细胞克隆株,与对照组相比,α7 n AChR mRNA及蛋白表达量分别减少了95%和80%。Ca M、Ca MKⅡ蛋白表达量分别减少了48.5%和35%。结论成功构建了α7 n AChR mRNA沉默的SH-SY5Y细胞细胞株,α7 n AChR沉默降低了Ca M、Ca MKⅡ的蛋白水平,可能影响信号通路转导,这可能与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发病有一定的关系。     

贵州江口土家族男性葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺陷症的基因频率调查

目的 调查贵州省江口土家族男性葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）缺陷症的基因频率。方法 2002年10-11月随机选取227名江口当地土家族男性居民，采用四氮唑蓝（NBT）纸片定性法初筛G6PD缺陷症。G6PD／6PGD比值法定量确诊。结果 对贵州省江口县227名土家族男性进行筛查，共检出17例G6PD缺陷阳性。其基因频率为0．0749。结论 通过对贵州土家族G6PD缺乏症基因频率的调查和分析，初步了解了贵州省土家族G6PD缺乏症的分布特征。为该地区预防该疾病、指导临床、提高少数民族的素质及研究该民族起源提供了一定的依据。     

贵州省地方性氟中毒地区人群GSTP1基因Ile105Val位点多态性分析

Objective To investigate plasma glutathione S-transferase(GSTs) activity and GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, a coal-burning fluorosis endemic area. Methods One hundred and sixty villagers from Yachi Twon using non-improved cooking stoves were selected as the non-intervened group in Bijie City, Guizhou Province where coal-burning fluorosis was prevailing; 153 villagers as the intervented group were chosen from Changchun Twon, where cooking stoves were improved; 151 villagers were served as the control group from Baiyunshan Twon, Changshun County without endemic fluorosis. The activity of GSTs was tested by colorimetric analysis with spectrophotometer. The genotype of the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, presenting as either homozygous wild-type (AA), or heterozygous mutation type (AG), or homozygous mutation type (GG), was detected through the PCR-RFLP procedure. Results The activity of GSTs in plasma of non-intervened group [(12.44±4.97) kU/L]was significantly lower than that of intervened group (P < 0.05), and that of intervened group[(20.78±6.20)kU/L]was significantly lower than that of control group[(24.30±6.27)kU/L, P< 0.05]. The difference of the enzyme activity of three groups were statistically significant (F = 51.71, P < 0.05), but this enzyme activity did not vary significantly in each sex of each grnup(P > 0.05). Compared intervened group [AA:67.3%(103/153), AG:29.4%(45/153),GG:3.3%(5/153)]and non-intervened group[AA:66.9%(107/160), AG:30%(48/160), GG:3.1%(5/160)]with control group[AA:74.8%(113/151), AG:25.2%(38/151), GG:0 (0/151)], the Ile105Val polymorphism site of GSTP1 gene had significant difference(χ2= 6.04,6.07, both P< 0.05), but not significant between intervened and non-intervened groups(χ2 = 0.02, P>0.05). Conclusions Fluorosis can decrease the activity of GSTs and introduce the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, intervention with the fluorine intake will improve the effect of fluoride on the body.     

贵州省地方性氟中毒地区人群GSTP1基因Ile105Val位点多态性分析

Objective To investigate plasma glutathione S-transferase(GSTs) activity and GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, a coal-burning fluorosis endemic area. Methods One hundred and sixty villagers from Yachi Twon using non-improved cooking stoves were selected as the non-intervened group in Bijie City, Guizhou Province where coal-burning fluorosis was prevailing; 153 villagers as the intervented group were chosen from Changchun Twon, where cooking stoves were improved; 151 villagers were served as the control group from Baiyunshan Twon, Changshun County without endemic fluorosis. The activity of GSTs was tested by colorimetric analysis with spectrophotometer. The genotype of the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, presenting as either homozygous wild-type (AA), or heterozygous mutation type (AG), or homozygous mutation type (GG), was detected through the PCR-RFLP procedure. Results The activity of GSTs in plasma of non-intervened group [(12.44±4.97) kU/L]was significantly lower than that of intervened group (P < 0.05), and that of intervened group[(20.78±6.20)kU/L]was significantly lower than that of control group[(24.30±6.27)kU/L, P< 0.05]. The difference of the enzyme activity of three groups were statistically significant (F = 51.71, P < 0.05), but this enzyme activity did not vary significantly in each sex of each grnup(P > 0.05). Compared intervened group [AA:67.3%(103/153), AG:29.4%(45/153),GG:3.3%(5/153)]and non-intervened group[AA:66.9%(107/160), AG:30%(48/160), GG:3.1%(5/160)]with control group[AA:74.8%(113/151), AG:25.2%(38/151), GG:0 (0/151)], the Ile105Val polymorphism site of GSTP1 gene had significant difference(χ2= 6.04,6.07, both P< 0.05), but not significant between intervened and non-intervened groups(χ2 = 0.02, P>0.05). Conclusions Fluorosis can decrease the activity of GSTs and introduce the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, intervention with the fluorine intake will improve the effect of fluoride on the body.     

贵州省3个少数民族 HLA-G基因14 bp插入/缺失的多态性研究

目的：了解贵州省3个少数民族（布依族、水族、苗族）群体人类白细胞抗原-G（ HLA-G）基因14 bp插入/缺失多态性的分布规律及其与遗传背景之间的关系。方法：采用PCR扩增、电泳及测序的方法对来自贵州地区的布依族、水族、苗族共344例健康个体DNA进行HLA-G基因14 bp插入/缺失多态性检测,并与文献报道的仡佬族、壮族等13个民族群体的HLA-G基因14 bp插入/缺失多态性分布数据进行对比。结果：布依族、水族和苗族人群的+14 bp 等位基因频率分别为23.7%、26.0%和38.1%,+14 bp/+14 bp 基因型频率分别为9.40%、10.4%和15.9%,14 bp插入频率比较示布依族和苗族差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.345,P=0.001）,苗族与水族差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.125,P=0.009）而布依族和水族间比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.017）;与其他人群数据比较,苗族群体的14 bp插入/缺失分布与其他人群相似,而作为壮侗语族的布依族、水族则有自己独特的14 bp插入/缺失分布规律。结论：布依族、水族人群的14 bp插入/缺失分布相似,但是与苗族人群的分布存在一定的差异。     

贵州省江口县土家族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因突变分析

目的 了解贵州省江口县土家族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）缺陷症的基因频率、基因突变类型特点及分布特征，从分子水平揭示G6PD基因多态性。方法 采集世居当地土家族男性血液样本227例，用四氮唑蓝（NBT）纸片定性法及G6PD／6PGD比值法做G6PD缺陷症筛查。确诊者用错配引物介导的聚合酶链反应／限制性内切酶酶切分析法（PCR-RE）进行中国人常见9种G6PD基因突变型分析，突变特异性扩增系统法（ARMS）验证其中3种突变。结果227名土家族男性中检出17例G6PD缺陷者，总检出率7．49％，G6PD缺陷症基因频率0．0749。基因分析检出cDNA1388（G→A）12例，在G6PD缺陷者中的基因频率为0．706，未知突变5例，基因频率为0．294。结论 G6PD缺陷症在贵州土家族人群有着较高的基因频率，其主要突变类型为G6PD基因cDNA1388（G→A）。     

贵州省三都水族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症基因频率调查

目的:调查贵州省三都水族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,G6PD)缺乏症的基因频率.方法:随机选取589名三都县当地水族男性居民,先用硝基四氮唑蓝纸片法进行筛查,再用G6PD/6PGD定量法验证.结果:589名三都县水族男性居民中检出G6PD缺乏症68例,G6PD缺乏症的基因频率为0.115 4.结论:贵州省三都水族居民G6PD缺乏症有着很高的基因频率,此次调查为了解贵州省少数民族G6PD缺乏症的分布特征以及当地水族居民G6PD缺乏症的防治提供了理论依据.     

黔南荔波少数民族及汉族ABO血型分布及基因频率调查

AB0血型在人群中的分布，不同的民族各有其特点。人类红细胞血型的群体调查，不仅为人类群体遗传学、人类学和医学遗传学提供基本资料。而且有助于研究各民族的遗传组成和人群血缘关系，并进一步探讨民族的起源、融合和迁移。我国少数民族的红细胞血型分布调查近年来日趋增多，笔者研究了贵州省荔波县布依族、瑶族及汉族ABO血型分布及基因频率特点，报告如下。