尿路感染的实验室诊断进展

尿路感染是临床常见病和多发病,同时也是最常见的医院获得性感染.尿路感染的临床表现多样,症状不典型,白细胞尿和菌尿的检出是其筛检和确诊的重要指标.本文结合尿路感染的发病机制、诊断标准,对尿中白细胞和细菌检验项目和技术的临床意义及应用评价做了简要概述.     

循环肿瘤细胞检测在三阴乳腺癌疾病中的应用进展

循环肿瘤细胞检测在肿瘤疾病预后评估和转移机制研究中的作用倍受关注,该文通过文献分析,对循环肿瘤细胞在三阴乳腺癌疾病转移机制和预后评估及治疗监测中的应用进行综述。     

中医药调控髓源性抑制细胞的研究进展

髓源性抑制细胞(MDSC)是骨髓和脾脏中的骨髓生成途径产生的一组具有高度免疫抑制活性的不成熟异质性骨髓细胞,与机体自身免疫性疾病、细菌感染、病毒感染等疾病密切相关。MDSC的主要功能为通过抑制T细胞活化、促进Treg的增殖以及与巨噬细胞相互作用而减弱或抑制机体的免疫反应。中医认为阴阳失调是导致疾病的主要原因,因而中医药治疗疾病是以借助中药的偏性帮助机体维持阴阳平衡为目的和手段。免疫系统及其功能的阴阳平衡与免疫功能及其病理变化密切相关。近年来,研究发现多种中药及其活性成分能够调控MDSC的表达参与机体免疫调控来治疗肿瘤等多种疾病。本文就近年来中医药调控MDSC的相关研究进展做一综述。     

尿路感染的实验室诊断进展

尿路感染是临床常见病和多发病,同时也是最常见的医院获得性感染.尿路感染的临床表现多样,症状不典型,白细胞尿和菌尿的检出是其筛检和确诊的重要指标.本文结合尿路感染的发病机制、诊断标准,对尿中白细胞和细菌检验项目和技术的临床意义及应用评价做了简要概述.     

尿流式有形成分及干化学分析在尿路感染诊断中的应用评价

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of automated urine formed elements analyzer and/or urine dipstick analyzer for examination of urinary formed elements in screening urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods 148 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from the UTI patients and 284 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from non-UTI subjects were selected. Bacteria culture was performed for bacterial colony counting and identification. Bacteria counts ( BACT), yeast-like fungus and WBC were performed by UF-looOi automated urine formed elements analyzer. Leukocyte esterase test (LEU) and nitrite test (NIT) were performed by URISYS 2400 urine dipstick analyzer. We evaluated data obtained from urine dipstick analyzer, UF-1000i and combination of UF-1000i with urine dipstick analyzer and the results was compared with those obtained from quantitative bacterial culture. Then we evaluated the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Results Among the 148 patients with UTI, the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture was 73.6% (109/148), the positive rate of LEU and NIT detected by dipstick test 26. 4% (39/148).There was significantly statistical difference between bacterial culture and strip test(χ2 = 55.68 ,P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of urine flow cytometry by UF-1000i with either positive of BACT and WBC was 91.2%(135/148), which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. There was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 14. 70, P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of anyone positive among BACT, WBC, LEU and NIT was 94. 6% (140/148) when detected with combination of dipstick test and UF-1000i, which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. And there was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 20. 45, P < 0. 05 ). The sensitivity of dipstick test was low (26. 4% ,39/148 ), and specificity was high ( 99. 3%, 282/284 ) . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of BACT detected by UF-1000i in diagnosing urinary tract infection were 92. 6% ( 137/148 ), 39. 8% ( 113/284 ). 44. 5% ( 137/308 ) and 91.1% ( 113/124 ), respectively. If the dipstick test was combined with UF-1000i, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy were 98.0% ( 145/148 ), 97.1% ( 100/103 ). 35.2% (100/284) ,44. 1% (145/329) and 56. 7% (245/432), respectively. Conclusions The combination of urine dipstick test and automated urine formed elements analyzer UF-1000i plays an important role in early diagnosis of UTI. And it has significant value in diagnosis of UTI, especially for the patients with negative bacterial cultures of urine sample.     

尿流式有形成分及干化学分析在尿路感染诊断中的应用评价

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of automated urine formed elements analyzer and/or urine dipstick analyzer for examination of urinary formed elements in screening urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods 148 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from the UTI patients and 284 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from non-UTI subjects were selected. Bacteria culture was performed for bacterial colony counting and identification. Bacteria counts ( BACT), yeast-like fungus and WBC were performed by UF-looOi automated urine formed elements analyzer. Leukocyte esterase test (LEU) and nitrite test (NIT) were performed by URISYS 2400 urine dipstick analyzer. We evaluated data obtained from urine dipstick analyzer, UF-1000i and combination of UF-1000i with urine dipstick analyzer and the results was compared with those obtained from quantitative bacterial culture. Then we evaluated the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Results Among the 148 patients with UTI, the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture was 73.6% (109/148), the positive rate of LEU and NIT detected by dipstick test 26. 4% (39/148).There was significantly statistical difference between bacterial culture and strip test(χ2 = 55.68 ,P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of urine flow cytometry by UF-1000i with either positive of BACT and WBC was 91.2%(135/148), which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. There was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 14. 70, P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of anyone positive among BACT, WBC, LEU and NIT was 94. 6% (140/148) when detected with combination of dipstick test and UF-1000i, which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. And there was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 20. 45, P < 0. 05 ). The sensitivity of dipstick test was low (26. 4% ,39/148 ), and specificity was high ( 99. 3%, 282/284 ) . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of BACT detected by UF-1000i in diagnosing urinary tract infection were 92. 6% ( 137/148 ), 39. 8% ( 113/284 ). 44. 5% ( 137/308 ) and 91.1% ( 113/124 ), respectively. If the dipstick test was combined with UF-1000i, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy were 98.0% ( 145/148 ), 97.1% ( 100/103 ). 35.2% (100/284) ,44. 1% (145/329) and 56. 7% (245/432), respectively. Conclusions The combination of urine dipstick test and automated urine formed elements analyzer UF-1000i plays an important role in early diagnosis of UTI. And it has significant value in diagnosis of UTI, especially for the patients with negative bacterial cultures of urine sample.     

肺炎克雷伯菌动物感染模型及在中药抗感染应用中的研究进展

肺炎克雷伯菌是医院内感染最常见的细菌之一,也是血流感染和泌尿道感染的第二大致病菌。近年来,肺炎克雷伯菌耐药菌株的出现已成为抗感染界关注的焦点。目前,耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的治疗主要是联合用药,但联合用药存在不良反应大、成本高、更易产生耐药性等问题。随着中医中药的治疗作用被逐渐重视,中药作为替代疗法或中西药结合抗感染已进入研究者的视线,因此,用以评价药物疗效的动物模型引起广泛关注。该文就肺炎克雷伯菌动物感染模型及在中药抗感染应用中的研究进展作以下综述。     

血尿、蛋白尿、全血细胞减少

病历摘要 患者男,75岁.2007年5月因"发现肉眼血尿半月余,颜面及双下肢水肿10 d"入住北京大学第一医院.患者近4个月夜尿增多,入院前半个月余无明显诱因出现全程无痛肉眼血尿,10 d前出现颜面及双下肢可凹性水肿,血压升高.     

通络散结丸药物血清对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞生长的抑制作用

目的:通过观察通络散结丸药物血清对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的芳香化酶和雌激素受体基因的表达、细胞增殖周期及细胞凋亡的影响,探讨通络散结丸治疗乳腺肿块性疾病的可能机制。方法:制备通络散结丸含药动物血清,以体外培养的MCF-7细胞为研究对象,以qRT-PCR法检测乳腺癌细胞芳香化酶CYP19及雌激素受体ER mRNA表达水平;流式细胞术(FCM)测定细胞增殖周期和凋亡水平;MTS实验测定细胞生长曲线。结果:与空白对照组比较,含药血清组作用细胞24 h后能明显抑制乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的CYP19 mRNA、ER mRNA表达水平,表达水平分别降低0.346和0.128倍;药物血清作用48 h后S期和G2/M期细胞所占比例降低,尤以S期最为显著,相应的G0/G1期细胞增加,药物血清抑制了细胞增殖的正常进行;凋亡实验示细胞早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率均增加,药物血清组总体凋亡率高于对照组;药物血清作用细胞48 h以后细胞生长曲线幅度开始明显低于对照组,在96 h时抑制效果最明显。结论:通络散结丸药物血清影响乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的雌激素合成及其作用发挥,同时抑制细胞生长。