双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在冠状动脉血管成像的应用

Objective To evaluate low-dose CT coronary angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering using dual-source CT scanner.Methods Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary CT angiography using a dual-source CT scanner were divided into 2 groups: group A (38 cases) and group B (30 cases).Prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan mode was employed for group A.Inclusion criteria included: heart rate <70 bpm, sinus rhythm, and heart rate fluctuation less than 10 bpm.Data acquisition was set at 70% of the RR-interval.Retrospective ECG-gating helical scan was performed for group B.Inclusion criteria included heart rates < 70 bpm and sinus rhythm.The exclusion criteria included heart failure and serious arrhythmias.In both groups, patients with a BMI≥24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 120 kV, whereas patients with a BMI <24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 100 kV.All images were transferred to a workstation for further processing and analysis.The imaging quality was evaluated.The imaging quality of coronary artery segments were compared with rank sum test between the two groups, and the radiation dose were compared with t test.Results A total of 476 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 372 segments were evaluated in group B.The mean score of imaging quality for coronary artery segments in group A was 3.48±0.59 and that in group B was 3.53±0.58.There was no statistical difference in imaging quality between the two groups (Z=-1.432, P=0.187).The effective dose was on average (2.51±0.54) mSv (range 1.3--3.3 mSv) in group A, whereas on average (14.55±3.54) rosy (range 7.1--20.2 mSv) in group B.There was a statistical difference between the two groups (t=18.484, P=0.000).Conclusions Low-dose prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with low heart rate and regular cardiac rhythm.This scan mode can substantially reduce radiation doses while preserving good diagnostic image quality.     

高校招生宣传

在新形势下,随着高等教育改革的进一步深入和招生体制改革,高校生源的竞争日趋激烈,高校必须充分认识到招生宣传工作的重要性,增强竞争意识,主动结合学校办学定位,根据自身情况不断研究和探索招生宣传规律,加强组织、精心落实,提高招生宣传的质量,增强有效性,才能保证充足的生源和高质量的生源,从而提高人才培养质量,推动高校的更快发展.     

应用自制“芪翘漱口液”口腔护理对降低脑卒中病人吸入性肺炎发生率的临床研究

目的了解自制"芪翘漱口液"口腔护理对脑卒中病人吸入性肺炎发生率的影响,为明确其适应证、提高脑卒中患者生命质量提供临床依据。方法将本院100例患者分为两组,每组50例,即对照组和治疗组。用不同口腔护理液擦洗口腔,对照组给予等渗生理盐水,治疗组使用自制"芪翘漱口液",1日3次,连续治疗7d后统计分析两组脑卒中病人吸入性肺炎的发病率;同时,分别取第3d和第7d的口腔分泌物进行口腔细菌菌落计数,对比分析两组脑卒中患者口腔炎症情况。结果与等渗生理盐水组相比,自制"芪翘漱口液"组吸入性肺炎的发病率较低,差异具有统计学意义;两组病人口腔细菌菌落计数均较护理前下降,但与等渗生理盐水组相比,自制"芪翘漱口液"在第3d、第7d口腔细菌菌落计数均降低,差异具有统计学意义。结论使用自制"芪翘漱口液"对脑卒中患者定时口腔护理可有效清除口腔中的细菌,预防口腔炎症的发生,有效降低病人吸入性肺炎的发病率,对提高脑卒中病人的生存质量有重要意义。     

罗格列酮联合阿托伐他汀对小鼠肝脏ABCA1 mRNA表达的影响

将18只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为三组，A组每早用阿托伐他汀5mg／kg灌胃，B组每早用阿托伐他汀5mg／kg＋罗格列酮1mg／kg灌胃，对照组用相同剂量的生理盐水灌胃。用RT-PCR法和免疫组化法检N-组肝脏ATP结合盒转运子A1（ABCA1）mRNA和蛋白表达。结果显示，与对照组肝脏ABCA1mRNA比较，A组降低，B组升高（P〈0．05）。提示罗格列酮联合阿托伐他汀能提高小鼠肝脏ABCA1mRNA的表达。     

320排CT头颈联合扫描评价颈动脉血运重建术前后脑血流动力学变化

目的:采用320排CT头颈联合多参数扫描模式,对拟行颈动脉血运重建术的患者进行扫描,探讨颈动脉狭窄解除与脑灌注参数改善间的关系,并进一步探讨脑血流动力学改变,对血运重建术前不同类型患者选择的意义。方法:30例经超声证实颈动脉狭窄并拟行颈动脉血运重建术的患者,分别于术前及术后2w内进行320排CT头颈联合多参数扫描,对颈动脉狭窄程度及脑灌注各参数相对值进行分析。参数包括相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)及相对延迟时间(rDelay)。由2名有经验的放射科医生分别根据脑灌注成像结果,将患者定性分为双侧大脑半球灌注对称组12例、双侧大脑半球灌注不对称组18例。结果:颈动脉血运重建术后患侧rTTP及rDelay较术前改善,其余灌注参数手术前后的差异无统计学意义。根据术前脑灌注状态不同,对术前患者进一步分层研究,术前灌注对称组,术后患侧脑灌注各参数数值改善不明显;术前灌注不对称组,术后rCBV、rMTT、rTTP及rDelay较前改善。结论:320排CT头颈联合多参数扫描模式,可以全面地显示颈动脉血运重建术前后,颈动脉狭窄的形态学改变,及其所导致的患侧供血区血流动力学的改变,为患者术前评价、治疗方案的选择及术后疗效的观察提供依据。     

北京市40家三甲医院MRI质控检查回顾

目的了解北京市40家三甲医院MRI质量控制情况。材料与方法通过对头颅、颈椎、腰椎、膝关节和盆腔等五个部位的磁共振胶片的抽查与现场检查相结合的方式,评判各家医院的磁共振成像质量是否能够达到北京市卫生局医学影像质量控制与改进中心颁布的“磁共振成像硬拷贝图像共享要求”。结果北京市三甲医院磁共振成像质量控制情况总体良好,但也存在以下不足：①磁共振伪影的认识不足;②磁共振匀场问题;③压脂效果不肯定;④FOV设置不当以及胶片信息和观片灯老化等方面的问题。结论磁共振成像质量控制是硬拷贝图像共享的前提。     

缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪复方制剂和缬沙坦降压疗效的比较

目的:对比缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪(缬沙坦80mg/氢氯噻嗪12.5mg)复方制剂与缬沙坦(缬沙坦80mg)治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的谷峰比值(TPR)和平滑指数(SI),评价缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪的降压疗效。方法:选择轻、中度原发性高血压病患者[SBP≥140mmHg且<160mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),DBP≥95mmHg并且<110mmHg]84例,随机分为缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪和缬沙坦组,共服药8周,观察服药前后血压及生化指标的变化。结果:治疗8周后,缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪组和缬沙坦组降压有效率分别为84.2、52.5,达标率分别为73.9、42.9,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪组TPR为SBP76.7、DBP71.2,均>50;SI为SBP1.14±0.39、DBP1.09±0.27,均>1。缬沙坦组的TPR为SBP77.6、DBP71.3,均>50;SI为SBP1.24±0.39、DBP1.19±0.27,均>1。两组的TPR和SI差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:缬沙坦80mg/氢氯噻嗪12.5mg复方制剂治疗轻中度原发性高血压患者疗效优于单用缬沙坦80mg,TPR和SI...     

趋化因子受体CX3CR1基因多态性与缺血性脑血管病的关系

缺血性脑血管病最重要的病理生理基础是颅内血管的动脉粥样硬化。CX3CRl两个单核苷酸多态性T280M、V249I在动脉粥样硬化中已有报道，这个位点的遗传变异可能影响缺血性脑血管病的遗传易感性。     

前侧入路手术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折32例

目的探讨前侧入路手术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的适应症、优点及并发症的处理。方法本组32例，男25例，女7例，平均年龄4．6岁，受伤原因均为跌伤。对开放型骨折及肱动脉受压病例均于麻醉下行清创、急诊切开复位手术；其余行皮肤牵引或尺骨鹰嘴过头位骨牵引，4—7d后（平均5d）予手术复位；选择受伤严重或有神经血管损伤的前外侧、前正中或前内侧入路，行手术探查并复位后，从肱骨小头处自外向内上打入两枚交叉克氏针固定骨折断端。结果27例获得1．5年的随诊，无一例发生Volkmann缺血性挛缩；1例发生针道感染，经抗炎、局部切开引流、换药治疗后痊愈。根据Flynn标准评定疗效：所有患儿提携角正常或基本正常，无肘内、外翻畸形发生；肘关节屈伸功能优25例，良2例。入院时存在神经、血管损伤者中，除1例尺神经损伤不恢复，于术后4个月再次行尺神经前置术外，其余均于出院后3个月内恢复正常。结论对于有血管神经并发症，开放型骨折以及错位严重，复位困难的儿童肱骨髁上骨折，采用前侧入路切开复位术暴露充分，处理方便，副损伤少，疗效确切。     

双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在冠状动脉血管成像的应用

Objective To evaluate low-dose CT coronary angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering using dual-source CT scanner.Methods Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary CT angiography using a dual-source CT scanner were divided into 2 groups: group A (38 cases) and group B (30 cases).Prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan mode was employed for group A.Inclusion criteria included: heart rate <70 bpm, sinus rhythm, and heart rate fluctuation less than 10 bpm.Data acquisition was set at 70% of the RR-interval.Retrospective ECG-gating helical scan was performed for group B.Inclusion criteria included heart rates < 70 bpm and sinus rhythm.The exclusion criteria included heart failure and serious arrhythmias.In both groups, patients with a BMI≥24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 120 kV, whereas patients with a BMI <24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 100 kV.All images were transferred to a workstation for further processing and analysis.The imaging quality was evaluated.The imaging quality of coronary artery segments were compared with rank sum test between the two groups, and the radiation dose were compared with t test.Results A total of 476 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 372 segments were evaluated in group B.The mean score of imaging quality for coronary artery segments in group A was 3.48±0.59 and that in group B was 3.53±0.58.There was no statistical difference in imaging quality between the two groups (Z=-1.432, P=0.187).The effective dose was on average (2.51±0.54) mSv (range 1.3--3.3 mSv) in group A, whereas on average (14.55±3.54) rosy (range 7.1--20.2 mSv) in group B.There was a statistical difference between the two groups (t=18.484, P=0.000).Conclusions Low-dose prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with low heart rate and regular cardiac rhythm.This scan mode can substantially reduce radiation doses while preserving good diagnostic image quality.